3.2 Population and Sample
In order to conduct this study, the writer determined the population and sample who participated in the experiment.
3.2.1 Population
Singh 2006: 82 states “Population or universe means, the entire mass of observations, which is the parent group which a sample is to be formed
.”It can be concluded that population is group of people who become concern of the writer in
conducting the study.The population of this study was the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Pati in the academic year of 20152016 who enrolled English
subject in the cross interest program. There were eight classes in the eleventh grade of SMA Negeri 1 Pati. On the average, there were 18 students who enrolled
English subject in the cross interest program.
3.2.2 Sample and Sampling Technique
After determining the population, the writer took the samples from the population. Nunan 1992: 27 argues that
“a sample is a subset of individuals from a given population
”. Sample is a group of people taken from a population and it can represent the population. In this study, the writer used quasi-experimental research
design, so the participants were not randomly assigned. The writer chose the sample by using nonprobability sampling technique, in which
“respondents are choosen based on their convenience or availability
” Babble, 1990 in Creswell, 2009: 146. The writer selected two classes as the sample of the study; one group
as the experimental group, whereas the otherone as the control group. Specifically, the sample of this study wasthe students who enrolled English
subject in the cross interest programfrom XI MIPA 4 and XI MIPA 8 of SMAN 1 Pati in the academic year of 20152016. In addition, there were 32 students as the
total sample of this study.
3.3Research Variables
Creswell 2009: 51 states that “ A variable refers to a characteristic or attribute of an individual or an organization that can be measured or observed and that varies
among the people or organization being studied.” Brown 1988: 7 defines a variable a
s “something that may vary, or differ. It is essentially what we can observe or quantify of the human characteristics or abilities involved.” Hence, a
variable is a particular quality which differs from an individual to others and it can be measured or observed.In this study, there are two types of variables which are
defined. They are independent variable and dependent variable.
3.3.1 Dependent Variable
Kategori