LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY REVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

In this study, there are some theories used as a foundation to support the analysis of this thesis. They are the language in society, the notion of Code Mixing, the notion of Borrowing, and Code Mixing vs. Borrowing.

2.1 LANGUAGE IN SOCIETY

Language is a tool of communication used by people to get involved in social interactions. It means that language is a part of society and they have close relationship. The relationship between language and society is investigated in a study called ‘Sociolinguistics’ which has the goal to get a better understanding of the structure of language and how language functions in the communication Wardhaugh, 1986:12. As Holmes 1992:1 stated, sociolinguistics has a major role in language and society. It is an attempt to explain the relationship between language and society, why we speak differently in different social contexts, so it is easy to identify the social function of language and how language is used to convey social meaning such as relationships, situation, topic, and so on. Fishman 1970:4 adds that “Sociolinguistics is the study of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of the speaker as these three constantly interact, change and change one another within a speech community”. In bilingual or multilingual societies, like in Indonesia, sociolinguistics may cause language variations that occur in daily life. Suwito 1983:33 said that every language has some different variations and it is used in some certain situation, because language is a social phenomenon that is influenced by social and situation factor. A bilingual person usually produces certain codes to communicate more effectively with the others. Wardhaugh 1986:102 defined code as a system used to communicate by two or more parties used on any occasions. The phenomenon of bilingualism results in the occurrence of code mixing Wardhaugh, 1986:101 . Code mixing is the use of lexical items and grammatical features between two languages that appear in one sentence Muysken 2000:1. Moreover, according to the linguistic situation in Indonesia, there are wide choices of language that offered. In fact, the great influence of foreign language in Indonesia is English. Indonesian people now have a better knowledge of English than they had in the past. This is one of the reasons why Indonesian people tend to increase their use of English code mixing in their daily life. Newspaper, social media, television, and other mass communications bring the increasing use of English of the country. The mass media reveals the trend of using English besides Indonesian. In this research, I use some headlines as an object, which is a headline usually consists of one sentence. Most of the headlines are consisting of code mixing and borrowing words.

2.2 CODE MIXING