COMMUNITY BASED REHABILITATION OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS AND LIVELIHOODS THROUGH SMALL GRANTS

Capital Management and Type of Business

The allocation of funds from the total contract budget was in the following proportions: maximum 30% for rehabilitation activity, minimum 40% for livelihood and maximum 30% for institutional management. The exception was for type C, where the proportion for institutional management was maximum 25% and livelihood 45%. As regards activity development, the management of business capital varied from one group to another. This was based on the agreement reached between the group and the facilitator. Four models of business capital management were identified as being in use by project partners:

Model 1 : The business capital is managed by individuals and does not revolve (the capital stays with the individual in the group)

22 An Assessment of Lessons Learnt from the “Green Coast Project” in NAD Province and Nias Island

Model 2 : The business capital is managed jointly by the individuals within the group and does not revolve.

Model 3 : The business capital is managed by individuals and revolves to non group members.

Model 4 : The business capital is divided into two types of management, combin- ing models 2 and 3.

Monitoring in the field revealed that the most common form of capital management was jointly managed by the individuals within the group (Model 2) and the fund was non-revolving (46%). This model was commonly practised by CBOs in Simeulue who developed cattle farming together and purchased a sampan boat plus motor, CBOs in Aceh Barat who developed cattle and goat farming directly by the group, and a women’s Tsunami victims group mentored by Yagasu (Yayasan Gajah Sumatera). 32% of partners applied model 1, in which business capital is managed by individuals and not rotated. Only a few rotated the business capital (Model 3); these included activities facilitated by the local NGO LPPMA and the foundation Yayasan LEBAH. The table below shows the proportion of Green Coast partners applying each model of business capital management.

Table 7. Percentage of GC partners applying each type of business capital management

Model of Business Capital Management

2 3 Not developed livelihood activities

Types of activity

Through monitoring, the team identified 73 unit economic activities facilitated through the Small Grant Facility. These were divided into five main categories: 1) fisheries, covering capture fishery and aquaculture, 2) Agriculture, covering horticulture and secondary crops, 3) animal husbandry, comprising poultry and ruminants, 4) small scale business such as trading, sewing, tempe production, and 5) ecotourism. The table below presents the types of activity and their percentage developed by Green Coast partners in the field.

An Assessment of Lessons Learnt from the “Green Coast Project” in NAD Province and Nias Island 23

Table 8. Livelihoods developed by Green Coast 1

Capture fishery

Pulau Weh, Aceh Besar, Aceh Barat,

Aceh Utara, Lhokseumawe, Sigli, Bireun,

Aceh Besar, Aceh Barat

Agriculture

Secondary crops and

Aceh Barat, Aceh Besar

Poultry farming

Aceh Barat, Aceh Besar, Pidie

19 Small scale

Ruminants/cattle

Nias, Sigli, Bireun, Aceh Besar, Aceh Barat

9 business

Trade, home industry

Aceh Besar, Aceh Barat

Ecotourism

Ecotourism

Aceh besar

TOTAL

From table 8 above and figure 9 below, we can see that the livelihood most commonly developed by these communities was the farming of mammals (26%), comprising goats, cows, buffalo and pigs. Next came capture fishery and aquaculture (18% each). Capture fishery is fishing in the open sea, while aquaculture is fishery on land as in the culture of shrimps and milkfish in ponds. Agriculture and small scale business ranked third and fourth at 16% and 12 % respectively. The most commonly chosen type of agriculture was the growing of secondary crops and horticulture, while the most popular small scale businesses were trading, dressmaking and the production of tempe soybean cakes. The smallest percentages were for poultry farming (5%) and ecotourism (4%).

Figure 9. Percentages for choices of livelihoods developed in GC 1

24 An Assessment of Lessons Learnt from the “Green Coast Project” in NAD Province and Nias Island

Figure 10. Fruit cracker production (left) and Souvenir shop (right) at Sultan Iskandar Muda airport (Banda Aceh) by the Tibang women’s group, facilitated by YAGASU

Figure 11. Provision of motorboat in Kahju village, facilitated by Yayasan LEBAH foundation (left) and Duck farming in Lham Ujong village (Photo: Wahyu Hermawan, Iwan Tri Cahyo Wibisono)

An Assessment of Lessons Learnt from the “Green Coast Project” in NAD Province and Nias Island 25

26 An Assessment of Lessons Learnt from the “Green Coast Project” in NAD Province and Nias Island