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Levels of Reading Comprehension

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3. Levels of Reading Comprehension

According to Kennedy 1981 : 224 the skills of comprehension are grouped under three major divisions of reading : literal reading, inferential reading and critical reading. a. Literal Reading Literal reading is related on what a writer says. It involves acquiring information that is directly stated in a selection and is also prerequisite for higher levels understading. It requires ability to : 1 Locate specific facts 2 Identify happening that are described directly 3 Find answers to questions based on given facts 4 Summarizing the details expressed in a selection b. Inferential Reading Inferential reading involves reading between the lines or making inferences. It is the process of deriving ideas that are implied rather than directly stated. Skills for inferential reading include: 1 Finding implied meanings 2 Anticipating outcomes 3 Making generalization 4 Detecting the author‟s purpose 5 Drawing conclusion c. Critical Reading Critical reading is evaluating written material, comparing the ideas discovered with known standard and drawing conclusions about their accuracy and appropriateness. The critical reader must be an active reader, questioning, searching for facts and suspending judgment until he or she has considered all of the material. Based on the opinions above, it can be concluded that to comprehend well, readers must have literal reading, inferential reading, and critical reading. The researcher did not discuss three levels of reading comprehension but only commit to user discussed literal and inferential reading because the texts for SMP students particularly cover literal and inferential reading. Based on the curriculum of SMP and level of reading comprehension above, the researcher can get some indicators required to the students, they were literal reading finding word meaning, finding detailed information of the text, identifying the generic structure of the text and inferential reading identifying referents of the text, identifying main ideas of the text, identifying implied information of the text, and identifying the communicative purpose of the text.

4. Micro and Macro Skills of Reading

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