ANALYSIS OF COHESION IN DISNEY ENGLISH COMICS RAPUNZEL Analysis Of Cohesion In Disney English Comics Rapunzel.
ANALYSIS OF COHESION
IN DISNEY ENGLISH COMICS RAPUNZEL
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for Getting Bachelor Degree
of Education in English Department
By:
Faktian Adelia Prabawati
A 320 090 090
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
i
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree on an
university, no there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published, except those in which the writing are referred in the manuscript and
mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.
Hence,
if only
statement above, I
will
there
be
will be any incorrectness proved in the future in my
fully responsible.
Surakarta, Apil12 2017
The Writer,
dr(oh^
Faktian Adelia Prabawati
A 320 090 090
1V
MOTTO
“Meninggalkan atau merelakan sesuatu yang buruk menuju yang baik itu bukan
pengorbanan, tapi golden good bye. Pengorbanan adalah meninggalkan sesuatu yang
baik untuk hal yang lebih baik.”
(Mario Teguh)
“Bermimpi adalah hal yang biasa, akan tetapi berjuang untuk meraih mimpi adalah
hal yang luar biasa”
(Drs. Suharjianto, M. Ag)
v
DEDICATION
I dedicated this research to:
Bapak and Ibu (Purwo Haryono and Latifah Wikansari)
They give me support, motivation, sacrifice, advice, prayer and everything I need.
They are my everything.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. There is no other word that researcher can say
to express her happiness because she can finish this research. The researcher is
grateful to Allah SWT for the health, smooth running of finishing this research, and
ease to do this research.
The researcher gets many helps from the others. The researcher cannot finish
this research alone. The researcher not only gets help, but she also gets support,
prayer, and motivation from the other. In this chance, the researcher wants to say
thank. Without them, the researcher will not finish her research. The big hug wants to
give to the following people.
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum. as the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty;
2.Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D. as the Head of English Department;
3. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M. Hum as the first consultant for his help, his guidance, and
his patience to encourage the researcher to finish this research;
4. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M. Hum as the second consultant for her support, guidance, and
patience so that the researcher can finish this research paper;
5. All lectures in English Department who share the knowledge during the process of
the study; and
6. Bapak and Ibu, as researcher’s parents. They give everything that researcher
needs. Thanks for the sacrifice, support, motivation, prayer and advice. There is no
color without their existence.
vii
The researcher also says thanks for everyone who gives help and support and
the researcher cannot mention all one by one in this statement.
The researcher is aware that this research has weaknesses. The researcher
with pleasure opens her ear to hear the suggestion and criticism about this research.
The suggestion and criticism give benefit to make the research better.
The researcher hopes this research will be useful and gives contribution to the
researcher herself and for the readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta,
April 2017
The Researcher
viii
ABSTRAK
Peneliti menulis penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan kohesi gramatikal
dan leksikal dari Disney English Komik Rapunzel.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Objek penelitian adalah
Disney English Komik Rapunzel. Data adalah mereka kalimat yang mengandung
kohesi gramatikal dan leksikal ditemukan di Disney English Komik Rapunzel.
Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti memilih teknik dokumentasi yang terdiri dari
membaca Disney English Komik Rapunzel dan buku analisis wacana,
mengidentifikasi kohesi gramatikal dan leksikal dari Disney English Komik
Rapunzel dengan membuat beberapa catatan tentang wacana, dan menulis katakata, frasa, dan kalimat pada lembaran data yang akan digunakan dalam analisis
data. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menjelaskan kata-kata, frasa, dan kalimat
berdasarkan kohesi gramatikal dan leksikal mereka. Akhirnya, peneliti clssifies
mereka berdasarkan deskripsi dan teori-teori mengenai dengan kohesi gramatikal
dan leksikal ditulis dalam bab II.
Setelah menganalisis data, peneliti menemukan kedua kohesi gramatikal dan
leksikal. kohesi gramatikal terdiri dari 14 referensi pribadi, 9 referensi
demonstratif, 1 referensi komparatif, 1 substitusi, 1 elipsis, konjungsi 4 aditif, 1
komparatif hubungan hubungannya, 1 appositive hubungan hubungannya, 6
konjungsi berlawanan, 5 konjungsi kausal, dan 1 hubungannya temporal. kohesi
leksikal terdiri dari 5 pengulangan, 2 dekat sinonim, 3 sinonim parsial, 1 sinonim
mutlak, 2 hubungan oposisi, 1 oposisi mutlak, dan 2 kolokasi. Mengenai referensi,
peneliti hanya menemukan referensi anaforis tapi juga satu cataphoric.
Kata kunci: kohesi gramatikal, kohesi leksikal
ix
ABSTRACT
Faktian Adelia Prabawati. A320 090 090. ANALYSIS OF COHESION IN
DISNEY ENGLISH COMICS RAPUNZEL. Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta Research Paper 2017
The researcher writes this research to describe the grammatical and lexical
cohesion of Disney English Comics Rapunzel.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The object of the
research is Disney English Comics Rapunzel. The data are those sentences containing
grammatical and lexical cohesion found in Disney English Comics Rapunzel. In
collecting the data, the researcher chooses documentation techniques consisting of
reading Disney English Comics Rapunzel and discourse analysis books, identifying
the grammatical and lexical cohesion of Disney English Comics Rapunzel by making
some notes on the discourse, and writing the words, phrases, and sentences on the data
sheets to be used in the data analysis. In analyzing the data, the researcher describes
words, phrases, and sentences based on their grammatical and lexical cohesion.
Finally, the researcher clssifies them based on the description and theories concerning
with grammatical and lexical cohesion written in chapter II.
After analyzing the data, the researcher finds both grammatical and lexical
cohesion. Grammatical cohesion consists of 14 personal references, 9 demonstrative
references, 1 comparative reference, 1 substitution, 1 ellipsis, 4 additive conjunctions,
1 comparative relation conjunction, 1 appositive relation conjunction, 6 adversative
conjunctions, 5 causal conjunctions, and 1 temporal conjunction. Lexical cohesion
consists of 5 repetitions, 2 near synonyms, 3 partial synonyms, 1 absolute synonym, 2
relation oppositions, 1 absolute opposition, and 2 collocations. Concerning references,
the researcher only found anaphoric references but nor cataphoric one.
Key words: Grammatical cohesion, lexical cohesion
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER …………………………………………………………………………..
i
APPROVAL ……………………………………………………………………..
ii
ACCEPTANCE …………………………………………………………………
iii
TESTYMONY …………………………………………………………………...
iv
MOTTO ………………………………………………………………………….
v
DEDICATION …………………………………………………………………..
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………..
vii
ABSTRAK..............................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………...
x
TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………………………
xi
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………
xiv
LIST OF CHARTS ……………………………………………………………..
xv
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………… ..
1
A. Background of the Study …………………………………
1
B. Limitation of the Study …………………………………..
5
C. Problem Statement ……………………………………….
6
D. Objective of the Study ……………………………………
6
E. Benefit of the Study ………………………………………
6
F. Research Paper Organization …………………………….
7
UNDERLYING THEORY ………………………………….
8
A. Previous Study ……………………………………………
8
B. The Meaning of Cohesion ………………………………..
10
C. Grammatical Cohesion …………………….……………..
11
1. Referential Cohesion …………………………….….
11
a. Personal Reference …………………………..…..
12
b. Demonstrative Reference ………………………..
14
c. Comparative Reference ………………………….
15
2. Substitution …………………………………………
17
a. Nominal Substitution ……………………….…..
17
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
xi
b. Verbal Substitution ………………………………
17
c. Clausal Substitution ………………………………
18
3. Ellipsis ….……………………………………………
18
a. Nominal Ellipsis …………..……………………..
19
b. Verbal Ellipsis ………………………………..….
19
c. Clausal Ellipsis ……………………………………
20
4. Conjunction …………………………………………..
20
a. Additive ………………………………………….
21
b. Comparative Relation …………………………….
21
c. Appositive Relation ………………………………
21
d. Adversative ………………………………………
22
e. Causal ……………………………………………
24
f. Temporal …………………………………………
26
D. Lexical Cohesion …………………………………………
29
1. Reiteration ……………………………………………..
29
2. Repetition ……………………………………………
30
3. Synomym …………………………………………….
30
4. Antonym ……………………………………………..
33
5. Collocation ……………………………………………
39
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ……………………………………
41
A. Type of the Study ………………………………………….
41
B. Object of the Study ………………………………………..
41
C. Data and Data Source ……………………………………...
41
D. Technique of Data Collection ……………………………..
42
E. Technique of Data Analysis ……………………………….
42
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ……………..
43
A. Research Finding ………………………..………………..
43
1. Grammatical Cohesion …………………..………….
43
a. Reference …………………………………………..
43
b. Substitution …………………………………………
52
c. Ellipsis ………………………………………………
53
xii
d. Conjunction ………………………………………….
CHAPTER V
54
2. Lexical Cohesion ………………………………………
63
a. Repetition ………..…………………………………
63
b. Synonym …………..………………………………..
64
c. Antonym ……………..…………………………….
67
d. Collocation …………….…………………………...
69
B. Discussion ………………………………………………..
70
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ………………………
81
A. Conclusion ……………………………………………….
81
B. Suggestion ……………………………………………….
82
BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………….
83
APPENDIX ……………………………………………………………………..
85
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1
Grammatical Cohesion in Disney English Comic Rapunzel …..
70
Table 4.2
Lexical Cohesion in Disney English Comic Rapunzel …………
77
xiv
LIST OF CHART
Chart 2.1
Kinds of Personal Reference ……………………………………
13
Chart 2.2
Kinds of Demonstrative Reference ……………………………..
14
Chart 2.3
Kinds of Comparative Reference ……………………………….
15
xv
IN DISNEY ENGLISH COMICS RAPUNZEL
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of Requirement for Getting Bachelor Degree
of Education in English Department
By:
Faktian Adelia Prabawati
A 320 090 090
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
i
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree on an
university, no there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published, except those in which the writing are referred in the manuscript and
mentioned in the literary review and bibliography.
Hence,
if only
statement above, I
will
there
be
will be any incorrectness proved in the future in my
fully responsible.
Surakarta, Apil12 2017
The Writer,
dr(oh^
Faktian Adelia Prabawati
A 320 090 090
1V
MOTTO
“Meninggalkan atau merelakan sesuatu yang buruk menuju yang baik itu bukan
pengorbanan, tapi golden good bye. Pengorbanan adalah meninggalkan sesuatu yang
baik untuk hal yang lebih baik.”
(Mario Teguh)
“Bermimpi adalah hal yang biasa, akan tetapi berjuang untuk meraih mimpi adalah
hal yang luar biasa”
(Drs. Suharjianto, M. Ag)
v
DEDICATION
I dedicated this research to:
Bapak and Ibu (Purwo Haryono and Latifah Wikansari)
They give me support, motivation, sacrifice, advice, prayer and everything I need.
They are my everything.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. There is no other word that researcher can say
to express her happiness because she can finish this research. The researcher is
grateful to Allah SWT for the health, smooth running of finishing this research, and
ease to do this research.
The researcher gets many helps from the others. The researcher cannot finish
this research alone. The researcher not only gets help, but she also gets support,
prayer, and motivation from the other. In this chance, the researcher wants to say
thank. Without them, the researcher will not finish her research. The big hug wants to
give to the following people.
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum. as the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty;
2.Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D. as the Head of English Department;
3. Drs. Sigit Haryanto, M. Hum as the first consultant for his help, his guidance, and
his patience to encourage the researcher to finish this research;
4. Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M. Hum as the second consultant for her support, guidance, and
patience so that the researcher can finish this research paper;
5. All lectures in English Department who share the knowledge during the process of
the study; and
6. Bapak and Ibu, as researcher’s parents. They give everything that researcher
needs. Thanks for the sacrifice, support, motivation, prayer and advice. There is no
color without their existence.
vii
The researcher also says thanks for everyone who gives help and support and
the researcher cannot mention all one by one in this statement.
The researcher is aware that this research has weaknesses. The researcher
with pleasure opens her ear to hear the suggestion and criticism about this research.
The suggestion and criticism give benefit to make the research better.
The researcher hopes this research will be useful and gives contribution to the
researcher herself and for the readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta,
April 2017
The Researcher
viii
ABSTRAK
Peneliti menulis penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan kohesi gramatikal
dan leksikal dari Disney English Komik Rapunzel.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Objek penelitian adalah
Disney English Komik Rapunzel. Data adalah mereka kalimat yang mengandung
kohesi gramatikal dan leksikal ditemukan di Disney English Komik Rapunzel.
Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti memilih teknik dokumentasi yang terdiri dari
membaca Disney English Komik Rapunzel dan buku analisis wacana,
mengidentifikasi kohesi gramatikal dan leksikal dari Disney English Komik
Rapunzel dengan membuat beberapa catatan tentang wacana, dan menulis katakata, frasa, dan kalimat pada lembaran data yang akan digunakan dalam analisis
data. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menjelaskan kata-kata, frasa, dan kalimat
berdasarkan kohesi gramatikal dan leksikal mereka. Akhirnya, peneliti clssifies
mereka berdasarkan deskripsi dan teori-teori mengenai dengan kohesi gramatikal
dan leksikal ditulis dalam bab II.
Setelah menganalisis data, peneliti menemukan kedua kohesi gramatikal dan
leksikal. kohesi gramatikal terdiri dari 14 referensi pribadi, 9 referensi
demonstratif, 1 referensi komparatif, 1 substitusi, 1 elipsis, konjungsi 4 aditif, 1
komparatif hubungan hubungannya, 1 appositive hubungan hubungannya, 6
konjungsi berlawanan, 5 konjungsi kausal, dan 1 hubungannya temporal. kohesi
leksikal terdiri dari 5 pengulangan, 2 dekat sinonim, 3 sinonim parsial, 1 sinonim
mutlak, 2 hubungan oposisi, 1 oposisi mutlak, dan 2 kolokasi. Mengenai referensi,
peneliti hanya menemukan referensi anaforis tapi juga satu cataphoric.
Kata kunci: kohesi gramatikal, kohesi leksikal
ix
ABSTRACT
Faktian Adelia Prabawati. A320 090 090. ANALYSIS OF COHESION IN
DISNEY ENGLISH COMICS RAPUNZEL. Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta Research Paper 2017
The researcher writes this research to describe the grammatical and lexical
cohesion of Disney English Comics Rapunzel.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The object of the
research is Disney English Comics Rapunzel. The data are those sentences containing
grammatical and lexical cohesion found in Disney English Comics Rapunzel. In
collecting the data, the researcher chooses documentation techniques consisting of
reading Disney English Comics Rapunzel and discourse analysis books, identifying
the grammatical and lexical cohesion of Disney English Comics Rapunzel by making
some notes on the discourse, and writing the words, phrases, and sentences on the data
sheets to be used in the data analysis. In analyzing the data, the researcher describes
words, phrases, and sentences based on their grammatical and lexical cohesion.
Finally, the researcher clssifies them based on the description and theories concerning
with grammatical and lexical cohesion written in chapter II.
After analyzing the data, the researcher finds both grammatical and lexical
cohesion. Grammatical cohesion consists of 14 personal references, 9 demonstrative
references, 1 comparative reference, 1 substitution, 1 ellipsis, 4 additive conjunctions,
1 comparative relation conjunction, 1 appositive relation conjunction, 6 adversative
conjunctions, 5 causal conjunctions, and 1 temporal conjunction. Lexical cohesion
consists of 5 repetitions, 2 near synonyms, 3 partial synonyms, 1 absolute synonym, 2
relation oppositions, 1 absolute opposition, and 2 collocations. Concerning references,
the researcher only found anaphoric references but nor cataphoric one.
Key words: Grammatical cohesion, lexical cohesion
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER …………………………………………………………………………..
i
APPROVAL ……………………………………………………………………..
ii
ACCEPTANCE …………………………………………………………………
iii
TESTYMONY …………………………………………………………………...
iv
MOTTO ………………………………………………………………………….
v
DEDICATION …………………………………………………………………..
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………..
vii
ABSTRAK..............................................................................................................
ix
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………...
x
TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………………………
xi
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………
xiv
LIST OF CHARTS ……………………………………………………………..
xv
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………… ..
1
A. Background of the Study …………………………………
1
B. Limitation of the Study …………………………………..
5
C. Problem Statement ……………………………………….
6
D. Objective of the Study ……………………………………
6
E. Benefit of the Study ………………………………………
6
F. Research Paper Organization …………………………….
7
UNDERLYING THEORY ………………………………….
8
A. Previous Study ……………………………………………
8
B. The Meaning of Cohesion ………………………………..
10
C. Grammatical Cohesion …………………….……………..
11
1. Referential Cohesion …………………………….….
11
a. Personal Reference …………………………..…..
12
b. Demonstrative Reference ………………………..
14
c. Comparative Reference ………………………….
15
2. Substitution …………………………………………
17
a. Nominal Substitution ……………………….…..
17
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
xi
b. Verbal Substitution ………………………………
17
c. Clausal Substitution ………………………………
18
3. Ellipsis ….……………………………………………
18
a. Nominal Ellipsis …………..……………………..
19
b. Verbal Ellipsis ………………………………..….
19
c. Clausal Ellipsis ……………………………………
20
4. Conjunction …………………………………………..
20
a. Additive ………………………………………….
21
b. Comparative Relation …………………………….
21
c. Appositive Relation ………………………………
21
d. Adversative ………………………………………
22
e. Causal ……………………………………………
24
f. Temporal …………………………………………
26
D. Lexical Cohesion …………………………………………
29
1. Reiteration ……………………………………………..
29
2. Repetition ……………………………………………
30
3. Synomym …………………………………………….
30
4. Antonym ……………………………………………..
33
5. Collocation ……………………………………………
39
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ……………………………………
41
A. Type of the Study ………………………………………….
41
B. Object of the Study ………………………………………..
41
C. Data and Data Source ……………………………………...
41
D. Technique of Data Collection ……………………………..
42
E. Technique of Data Analysis ……………………………….
42
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ……………..
43
A. Research Finding ………………………..………………..
43
1. Grammatical Cohesion …………………..………….
43
a. Reference …………………………………………..
43
b. Substitution …………………………………………
52
c. Ellipsis ………………………………………………
53
xii
d. Conjunction ………………………………………….
CHAPTER V
54
2. Lexical Cohesion ………………………………………
63
a. Repetition ………..…………………………………
63
b. Synonym …………..………………………………..
64
c. Antonym ……………..…………………………….
67
d. Collocation …………….…………………………...
69
B. Discussion ………………………………………………..
70
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ………………………
81
A. Conclusion ……………………………………………….
81
B. Suggestion ……………………………………………….
82
BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………….
83
APPENDIX ……………………………………………………………………..
85
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1
Grammatical Cohesion in Disney English Comic Rapunzel …..
70
Table 4.2
Lexical Cohesion in Disney English Comic Rapunzel …………
77
xiv
LIST OF CHART
Chart 2.1
Kinds of Personal Reference ……………………………………
13
Chart 2.2
Kinds of Demonstrative Reference ……………………………..
14
Chart 2.3
Kinds of Comparative Reference ……………………………….
15
xv