Greenery and Blue Open Spaces Management in water Sensitive Cities of Jabodetabek

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Proceeding Book

I

rHE 5.h INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF
JABODETABEK STUDY FORUM

,SUSTAINABLE M EGACITIES :
VULNERABILIW, DIVERSITY AND LIVABILITY,,

rrI llrl
rrI lt
rrI

IPB

lnternational Convention Center (llCC)
Bogor, lndonesia . 17-18 March 20L5

ISBN

:978-502-1.M37

-7

-4

CREDIT

ProceedinlThe 5th lnternational conference of Jabodetabek study Forum
"Su stai nabie Megacities : Vu ne rabi ity, D ive rsity a nd Liva bility"
I

I

Crestpent Press, Bogor, lndonesia

Editor
Dr. Ernan Rustiadi
Prof. Dr. Shin Muramatsu
Dr. Alinda FM Zain
Dr. Janthy T. Hidajat

Copyeditor
candraningratri Ekaputri widodo, PhD
Febri Sastiviani Putri Cantika, S.P.
Novida Waskitaningsih, M.T

Layout and Cover Design
M. Nurdin
Januar Sena

First edition, April 2015

Copyright O 2015, Crestpent Press. All rights reserved'

Proceeding. The 5th lnternational Conference of Jabodetabek Study Forum

"sustainable Megacities: Vulnerability, Diversity and Livability"
Bogor. Crestpent Press, 2015
x + 300 page:

x

cm

Steering Committee

- Dr. Ernan Rustiadi (Bogor Agricultural University)
- prof. Dr. Shin Muramatsu (The University of Tokyo/Research
- Prof. Dr. R. B. Singh (University of Delhi)
- ilf. Dr. Tommy Firman (Bandung lnstitute of Technology)
- Dr. Alinda FM Zain (Bogor Agricultural University)

lnstitute for Humanities and Nature)

Organizing Committee:
Dr. Janthy T. Hidajat (Chairperson)
Dr. Candraningratri Ekaputri Widodo (Secretary)

Dr. Ami A Meutia; Dr. Umar Mansyur; Kengo Hayashi, PhDc.; Andi Syah Putra, M'Si';

Rezky

Krisrachmansyah, M.T.; Annisa Hasanah, S.P.; Cindy Aliffla, M.Si; Febri Sastiviani Putri Cantika ,S.P';
Herwita Andriamasari, S.P, Lutfia Nursetya Fuadina, S.P.; M. Nurdin, 5.Kom.; M. Ridha lchsan, S.T.; M'
yogie Syahbandar, S.T.; Novida Waskitaningsih, M.T.; Nusrat Nadhwatunnaja, S.P.; Yanti jayanti, S.P; Tri

Wahyuni Wulandari, Amd.; Januar Sena, Amd; M. Arifin; SaepulAmri'

5ecretariat:
Center for Regional system Analysis, Planning and Development (CRESTPENT/P4W)
Bogor Agricultural University. IPB Baranangsiang Campus,
.lalan Raya Pajajaran, Bogor 16143, lndonesla
Pho ne/Fax : +62-25

1'835907

2

Foreword
More than half of the world's population now lives in urban areas. Rapid urbanization in Asian developlng
countries qtrer the past half century has been followed by excessive urban population concentration in
very largeilOrn uggto*erations, so called as megacities. The UN defined megacity as a metropolitan area
(urban agglomeration complex with more than 10 million inhabitants. The number of megacities in the

world has increased flom 10 megacities in 1990 with 153 million of population or 7 percent urban
population of the world to become 28 megacities in 2014 with 453 million populations or 12 percent

urban population of the world. The United Nations expected that by 2050 about 66 percent of the world's
population will live in cities (UN, 2014).
The rapid growth, high population density and high consumption rate of residents in megacities has led to
attention from
a wide range of local and global socioeconomic and environmental impacts which requires
the global community. Therefore, it will significantly affect the future prosperity and sustainability of the

world. The Greater Jakarta or Jabodetabek is experiencing continuous growth that seems to be an
unstoppable phenomenon and at the same is facing various problems that may not have been
experienced by other major cities in the world. The result of many studies showed that the carrying
is already
capacity of the environment, especially land and water in Java lsland where Jabodetabek lies,
will
overshot. However, giverr the relatively rapid grcwth of Mega Urban Jakarta, it is possible that Jakarta
grow to be the world's largest megacity.
Amid the global concern on the negative impacts of the continuing megacities' growth on global
environment, the Center for Regional System Analysis Planning and Development (CRESTPENT/P4W),
Forum
Bogor Agricultural University (tPB) has established Jabodetabek Study Forum since 2001. This Study
well

as
has conducted biennial international seminar on complex mega-urban issues on Asian megacities

as urbanization and urban-rural linkages in Asian countries. The biennial conference has a tradition of
papers This year's
organizing two types of paper presentations, namely scientific papers and community
covers papers
cor-rference will also open a session for local government officials. This proceeding book

from nearly all the presentations delivered during the conference.
multiWe hope that this proceeding book will be able deliver the aims of the conference: to recognize
perspectives and knowledge on megacities, to communicate and facilitate

dimentional aspects,
experiences, policies, and studies related to challenges of continuing development of labodetabek and
Asian Megacities, as well as solutions to address these challenges; and to bring up common understanding
on the development of labodetabek and Asian Megacities'

Bogor, April2015

Orga nizer

Contenl

Greeting from Chairperson of Organizing

Comittee

.............3

Dr. Jonthy T. fl.idojot

Greeting from the Chairman of labodetabek Study
.?

Forum

.......................5

Dr. Ernon Rustiodi

Greeting from the Director General of Reseacrh lnstitute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN),
P

rot'essor Tetsuzo

Yo

suno

ri

Opening Remark from the Rector of Bogor Agricultural University (lPB)...........................................8
P

Keynote

rofesso r

He

rry Suha rdiyonto

Speeches....

........... 11

Area........

Towards and lntegrated Jabodetabek

..................13

Ferry Mursytdon Boldan

The Future Jakarta: Planning and

Governance..............

...........................17

Sutonto Soehodho

Sustainability............

...........2.1

1andscapes................

..............25

Asia's Megacities will Save the Earth ! - Megacities and
Shin Muromotsu

Sustainable Asian Megacities: Emerging Urban-Rural
Stephen Coirns

Research lnstitute for Humanity and Nature

(RIHN)........

............. 29

Study on Multi-Functionality of Urban Lakes (Situ and Waduk) in Jabodetabek - focused on
....................31.
water purification and flood mitigation effect
Koshi Yoshido, Emiko Motsumoto, Ryunosuke Horiyo, Kenji Tonoko

Desakota, or Just a Kota? Transformation of Suburban Kompungs in

Jakarta

............40

Tsuguto Yomoshito, Kengo Hoyoshi

lnvolution: A Strategy of Kinship Based Living Spaces To Deal With High Density Population in
.........................51
Urban Kompung A Case Study in Kompung Cikini, Jakarta, lndonesia.
Meidesto Pitrio, Yuki Yoshikoto, Akiko Okobe

Determinants of Residential Satisfaction and the Role of Transport Mobility in a Developing
............62
Megacity: Evidence from the lakarta Metropolitan Area ............
Ryosuke Abe, Hironori Koto

JABODETABEK Local

Government

..........79

Setu Front City of Cibinong Raya: An ldea for Protecting and Promoting Urban Development
.........81
in Capitalof Bogor Regenry
Syoriloh Sot'ioh, Tiko M. Et'lendi, K. Sepryo Promudtto

Land-Use Cover

Change.................

.........99

Land Cover Changes lmpact to The Runoff Coefficient and Peak Discharge in
.................101
Upper Ciliwung Watershed Using Multi-Temporal lmages...

Analysis

of

Ardilo Yononto, Nuril Umom

Analysis

of Land Use and Cover Changes ln Ciliwung and Cisadane Watershed ln

Yuliono Arifasihoti ond Kaswonto

Three

Land-Cover Changes Analysis in Ciliwung Watershed Upstream for Flood Risk Reduction..........114
Anniso Hasanah, Bombong Sulisryontoro, lndung Sifti Fotimoh

Land Use Change Prediction for Spatial Planning Consistenry in Jabodetabek .............................120
Diyoh Novito Kurnionti, Ernon Rustiodi

Land Use Prediction of the Development Potential and Conversion Direction of Agricultural
Land in Bogor District...................
.................131
Henviio Andriomosori, Wohju Q. Mugnisyoh, Aris Munondor

of Sustainable
Suk*mi Regency
Delineation

Sigit Sontoso, Ernon Rustiadi, Eudi

Paddy Field Areas in Java Case Study: Bekasi Regency and
....................138
Mulyonto, Kukuh Murtiloksono, Widiotmoko, Noer Fouzi Rochman

Peri-Urban Agriculture Dynamics and lts lmpact on Run Offand Soil

Metropolitan

Area.............

[rosion in Jabodetabek
.......1,47

Didit Okto Pribodi, Derek Vollmer

.?

Spatial Modelling for Prediction of Built Up Area Development Using Land Change Modeler
Analysis and Land Potential lndex Approach (Case Study Bogor City).............
.........155
Zidni Forhati Silmi, Sri Lestori, Lintong Dwi Condro

Spatial Planning Audit of Tugu Utara Village and Tugu Selatan Village, Puncak Area, Bogor
Lutfia Nursetyo Fuodina, Ernon Rustiodi, Lo Ode Syomsul lmon

Spatial Prediction for Build Area lncreasing in Suburban Bogor by Using Cellular Automata .......713
Dvri Sonty Ratnosori ond Puspo Kusumowordoni

Spatio-Temporal Land Use and Cover Change Analysis in Southern Region of West Java's

Watersheds

..........182

thre Wijoyo Aroengbinong ond Koswonto

Understanding Self-Organization, Urban Transformation, and The Spatial Planning System in
Greater Jakarta Area, lndonesia
Yovi

Urban

Dz

ulhijjah

Ro h

m ow

...............

........ ...............188

oti

Diversity...............

.....................2C7

of Betawi Pekarangan as Cultural ldentity Towards Development of Megacity

Significance

Pronowita Korina Nursyirwon, Wohju Q Mugnisjoh, Nurhoyoti H S Arilin

ThePerilsofTourismGrowthinAWorldHeritageSite: TheCaseof GeorgeTown,Penang.......2L4
Badaruddin Mohomed, Shido lrwono Omor, Siti Zuloiho Zoinol Abidin

The Use of Satellite lmagery Analysis for ldentifying Gentrification Phenomenon: A Case
Study of Tembalang, A Suburb of Semarang City....... ......
....................224
lmom Buchori, Pongi

Community and

Vulnerability...........

....235

Dialectic of Modernity, Spatial Articulation, Capitalism, and Rationalization of Action of Local
Community (Case Study in The Fringe Area of Daya Sub-District and Surrounding Areas,
Makassar City)..........

..

..,...........231

Sotaro Suryc

Residential Area in Suburban lndonesia Today: Conflicts and the New Pattern of Residential
regat io n
Pitri Yondri
Seg

Role

251

.

of Community in Urban Forest Management:

Case Study

of

Sangga 8uana, South

Kurnio i,lovionti. Angqo Sisca Rohodion

Small Step toward Wet Organic Waste Management at The Community Level in

8o9or ..........277

Dormcno Tonrwiryono

The Community Building Codes in High Density Slum Settlement...........
)aka Adionta

..

. .... ...... 281

The Role of Public Space lmprovement for Enhancing Citizen Happiness Study Case: Bandung
Meta lndriyoni Kurniosori, Hanfie Vondonu, Karimo Nodya Putri Soefulloh

Vulnerability and Adaptability of Traditional Community in Facing of Disaster (Case Study:
Naga Village in Tasikmalaya

District)

...............310

lndarti Komalo Dewi

The Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk

Reduction.............

.......... 319

Application of Weather Modification Technology for Flood Mitigation in DKI Jakarta..................327

|rdilo

Yononto, lbnu Athoilloh, Budi Horsoyo

Climate Vulnerability in the Area of Jakarta, Depok and

Bogor...

..........332

Armi Susondi, Momod Tamomodin, Sout Sogalo, Dodon

Coastal Hydrodynamics and Sedimentation Study of The Jakarta Giant Sea Wa11.........................338
Velly Asvoliontino, A. Eogyo Widogdo, Widjo Konqko

''7

Coastal Flood in North Jakarta

:

Damage Estimation and Adaptation Strategy Due to Climate

Andrion lrwonsyoh, Eko lnton Kumolo Putri, Sahot Simonjuntok

Participation

of

Subsidence in

Jakarta

Local Communities and Civil Society Organizations

on Coping

Land

.................353

Erlis Soputro

Potency of Climate-Related Disasters in The Area of .Iakarta, Bogor and Depok Based on The
......................370
Rainfall Prediction
Armi Susondi, Momod Tomomodin

Responding to Changing in Climate: Who act the most in Greater

Jakarta?

............377

Syorifoh Aini Dolimunthe, lnton Adhi Perdona Putri

Side Scan Sonar Application
Interpretation at Eastern Jakarta

for Su rficial Sediment Characterization and Geological
...................385
8ay..............

Tout'on Wiguno

The Alternative Optimalisation Land Use Planning and Agrotechnology
Resources at Mahat Hulu Watershed..............
Firmon

Hidoyot

to Develop Water
...................390

'

The Use of Precast Concrete System in Road and Bridge lnfrastructure as Technological
lnnovation Towards To Green

lnfrastructure..................

.......................401

Pingkon Nuryonti

Energy lssues in Spatial

Planning......

.... 409

Toward Energy Planning in Jakarta: The Potential Role of Provincial Government........ ....... ......411
Nusoibo Adzillo, Tesso Tolitho, Delik Hudaloh

lnfrastructure and

Transportation......

.....................425

A Dynamic Model of Environmentally Sustainable Transport: A

Case Study

of Megacity

Ahyahudin Sodri, lwo Gorniwo, Roldi Xoestoer
ICT

and lt's Role on Transportation Problems Case of Jakarta-Bekasi, lndonesia......

...

.............431

Rini Rochmawoti, Silvio Shelly Adelino

Management Strategies of Public Transportation Systems
(BMA): lnstitutional Point of View............

in Bandung Metropolitan Area
......444

Nondi

Seeking Paths for Transit-Oriented Development in
Area Development............

Jakarta: Local Perception on Station. ... . .455

Condraningrotri f koputri Widodo, Tetsuo Kidokoro, Tokoshi Onishi

Sustainable Transportation Management for Non-Bus Public Passenger Transport (Angkot) in
. ... ....414
Eogor City
Umor Monsyur

Globalization, Formal Economy and lnformal

Economy..

............493

Foreign Dlrest Investment and Regional Dvelopment in Jakarta Metropolitan Area ...................495
Silvonio Dwi Utomi

Linking The Urban Young Middle Class and Megacities Malls in Greater

Jakarta

.....506

lnton Adhi Perdano Putri, Andini Desito Ekoputri, Vondo Ningrum

Supermarket Pekarangan: Centre

of

Local Agricultural Products

Economics and Bring Society to Loves Local Agriculture
Ade Brion Mustofo ond Sorliyonti

Planning

in Order to

Advance
.........513

Produsts...................

S.

,nilor"rnrnce..............

.......521

Analysis Development Of Border Areas ln Kapuas Hulu Regency (Development lndex (bosed
on the ovoiloble focilities ond infrostructures) and Economic)
.............523
M. Yogie
.

S,

Atong Suiondi, Muhomod Ardionsyoh

.....................531
_pncept of Tourism Development Strategy in Semarang Municipality
Roy Mcrch Syohodot, Priombudi Trie Putro, Pronowito Korino Nursyirwon, Rizki Alfion, Moh. Sonjivo Ret'i
Hosibuan

Factor Determining The Success of Metropolitan lnstitution:An experience from 8KSP.............539
Citro Fodhiloh Utomi, lko Puspito Poncowoti

ldentification of lnstitutional Condition in Urban Fringe Settlement Area of Jabodetabek to
Address the Degradation of Environment and lnstitutional Fragmentation using lnterpretive
StructuralModelling....
..............546
lonthy Trilusionthy Hidojot, Sontun

R-P.

Sitorus, Ernan Rustiodi, Mochlud

in Technopoles Development as The Future Region:
Peka|ongan.................

Policy Approach
Technopoles in
A.Husni

Y.

Case Study
.........555

Rosodi

Study on Urban Settlement Management in The Central Part of Central Ciliwung Watershed,
Prito lndoh Protiwi, Deboro Eudiyono

The ldentification of Tourist Destination in Jakarta That Related to The Promotion Program,
Moda and Transportation System
................580
Priyend i swo ro Ag usti no

Be

lo

The Politics of and Leadership in Metropolitan Governance: The Case of Jakarta, lndonesia .....595
Eokti Setiowon

Green City, Green Development and Ecosystem

Service..

...........503

Availibility of Green Open Space Analysis to Create a Sustainable Green City Area in Bekasi
Using Remote Sensing

Techniques

...............605

Corolino Ajeng Sukmowoti Putri, Nurwidyo Amborwoti, ond Olgo Ayu Dewantori

Ciliwung Botanical Garden :Restoration of Upstream Ciliwung Based on Agrotourism........... ...609
Syoh Devo Ammurobi, Hafizh Abdul Aziz, Kortikasari

Ciliwung River Planning as Green Corridor to Rejuvenate The River for Sustainable Urban Life
(Study Case: Settlements in Lebak Kantin, Sempur-Bogor) .. .......
.....614
Ri

z

ky

Ro ho d io

n

Ro

m d ho

ny

Composition of Aquatic Plant and Riparian Vegetation in Several Urban Lakes in Megacity
Rtky Kurnrowon, Cynthio hienny,

Ami Meutia

Diversity of Tree Species: A Silver Bullet for Greener Megacities in Java, lndonesia .... ........... ....632
Andini Desita tkoputri, lsmoyodi Samsoedin

Dynamics Model of Low Carbon City by Green Building lmplementation ..

.......

......640

Mesi Shinto Dewi. Setyo 5. Moerstdik

EcologicalApproach for Urban Design in Ciliwung Riparian,

8ogor..........

.... ......... .650

Presti Amelrcwoii, Anggi Mordiyonto

Icological Landscape and House Models at Ciliwung River Side Settlement, Bogor City..............659
lrowon Setyabudi

Greenery and Blue Open Spaces Management in Water Sensitive Cities of Jabodetabek.........-..671
Hodi Susilo Arifin, Kaswanto, Nurhoyoti HS Arifin

Native Trees lmprove The Quality

of Urban Green open

space..........

......................683

Toti Budiorti

Potential of City Parks in Reducing Urban

Pollutants.............

................688

Rino Dwico Desyono, Emy Junoton Muokhor, Priombudi Trie Putro

Urban Aesthetic Concept Through Structuring of Landscape Road Element For ldentity of
Sustainable City Case Study: lntersection of Bank lndonesia Roundabout and Hotel
"""""""'695
lndSesia Roundabout
Yusi Febrioni ond DoisY Rodnowoti

Urban Resilience : Roadmap Towards Jakarta as Green Metropolis in

2050

"""""'lO4

Rulyon Ali Porinduti

Appendix: Conference

.-7

Pictures

""""""727

Greenery and Blue Open Spaces Management
in Water Sensitive Cities of Jabodetabek
Hadi Susilo Arifinl), Kaswanto2), Nurhayati HS Arifin3l
ol Londscope Monogement Loborotory, Department of Londxape Architecture, Bogor Agriculturol University
'iLandscope Monogement Loborotory, Department of Landscope Architecture, Bogor Agriculturol tJniversity

t)Heod

3tLondscope

I

Manogement Loborotory, Deportment of Londscope Architecture, Bogor Agriculturo! lJniversiry
hsorifin @ i ob.oc.i d ; ko swonto@ipb.oc.id: nuro rif @ iob.oc.id
ABSTRACT

Jakarta-Bogor-O"Ool-rrngerang-Bekasi

(Jabodetabek),

as a megacity has highly growth of

citizen

population. Udan density has been increased progressively. However, infrastructure development is left
several steps behind. Therefore, environmental degradation, such as urban heat, water extreme and
vulnerabilities are held not only in Jakarta, but also in its vicinity. lt's proposed to establish two dams in
Ciawi and Genteng with 36.106 m3 and 25.106 m3 water capacities to regulate water debit of Ciliwung

and Cisadane rlvers, respectively. Due to some ecologically and socio-economically constraints, dam
construction has been delayed. This paper tells some lesson learned regarding greenery and blue open
space management in water sensitive cities of Jabodetabek. Case study was conducted in the scale of
Ciliwurtg Watershed as bioregional. Greenery and blue open space researches are concerned to the
upper, the middle and the down streams of Ciliwung watershed management. According to the research
results, it's well known that land use and land cover are increasingly changing in Ciliwung watershed
during the latest 30 years. ln order to reduce risk of flooding, some alternatives are recommended to
manage greenery and blue open spaces better in the scale of rlparian landscape of Ciliwung. The upper
stream is projected to develop urban agriculture zone, the middle stream for agro-biodiversity
conservation zone, and the downstream for productive landscape zone of individual or community
gardens, such as pekarangan, kebun campuran and talun. As substitution of big dams, it's planned to
making a lot of ponds and water cascade as small water retention along the river, i.e. situ, embung, danau
etc. Simple simulation could be calculated. Seventy percent of 777 km Ciliwung river length (c.a.80 km)
will be utilized for the project area. Each 1 km distance would be establlshed two ponds in the right and
the left side of public good riparian landscape. Average size of pond is 50m x 20m x 2m (2.103 m3).
Therefore, total 160 ponds will regulate 32.10 m3. Those water retention ponds could be designed as
landscape services for recreation parks, fishing, irrigation, biodiversity conservation, micro-climate
amelioration depend on the needs of surrounding communities and governments policies. ln the case of
Ciliwung River, those greenery and blue open spaces must be managed by local government of Bogor
District, Eogor City, Depok City, and Metropolitan Jakarta, respectively based on administrative region.
Kewords: community gordens, embung, pekorongon, riporian londscope, situ, wotershed

INTRODUCTION

One of the main environmental problems in lndonesia cities is water, whether quality or quantity. As a
megacity, Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi (Jabodetabek) has highly growth of citizen population.
Jakarta, itself known as the Special Capital Region of Jakarta "Daerah Khusus lbu Kota Jakarta" is one of

the most populous urban accumulations in the world.

Based on BPS data (December 2012) Jakarta
population were 9,761,,407. Urban density has been increased progressively. However, infrastructure
development is left several steps behind. Urban carrying capacities have not estimated. yet. Therefore,
environmental degradation, such as urban heat, water extreme and vulnerabilities are held not onty in
Jakarta, but also in its vicinity.

water front city in 1517' Based on
Jakarta, when it was known as Batavia in the colonial era, was built as a
latest 34 decades, Jakarta was
the history, Jakarta had got flooding in 1521, 1554, 1873 and 1918. ln the
known that floods account for
flooded in 1979, 1996, 1999, 2002,2007 ,2013,2014, and 2015. lt has been

of lives and damage to
more losses than any other natural disaster in Jakarta both in terms of loss
2008 shows the
property and crops. The trend in flood as natural disaster in the world from 1900 to
>45 percent of
for
people affected and loss in USD and fatalities total (Fig. 1.). Meanwhile, Asia accounts
between 1989 and 2006 (Fig'
water related disaster facilities and >90 percent of the affected population
in a coast' are no
megacities, included Jakarta, located at the bank of river and/or
2). Asia

pollous

disasters
exception in terms of being wlnerable to the impending flood-related

1'

o

,?j

.g
-9
oa

c

6
o

=6

o
o

o-

Year

Figure 1. Global Natural Disaster Trend in Flood

from 1900 to 2008'

Fatahtes p€{cenl rat,o

rAsa

(a5.6I

rAhirx (6a.1)
. Arneri:as (7.6)

r Europe (0.4)
r Oceans (0.3)

Afi€cled peopl€ psrcent

talo
rAsra (90)
: Atrix (6)
E ArDer(3s

{3)

. Europe

)

(1

r Ocean8 (0)

from 1980 to 20061
Figure 2. The ration o1 u731s1-related fatalities and people affected
in
Blue water Availability Analysis on Sustainable Landscape Management
(2013-2014)' Micro scale research in some
Ciliwung watershed" was started under budgered by BOPTN
in the
studied by research collaboration between IPB and ETH Singapore

Research

of ,.Green and

flooded area in Jakarta has been
,,Future cities Laboratory". Dissemination and social engineering has been implemented
scheme of
The theme is "water Sensitive
through the join research between IPB and Monash University Australia.

General Higher

(AlC) and Directorate
Cities,, under managed by the Australia and lndonesia Centre
years research of greenery and blue open
Education (DGHE). Therefore, this paper shows the latest 3
paper are: 1' To show the land cover/land uses
spaces management in Jabodetabek. The objectives of this
watershed;2' To show how the
changing from the upper-the middle-the downstream in Ciliwung

landscape riparian

to be managed to

achieve sustainable productive landscape; and 3. To disseminate

research results through social engineering.

METHODOLOGY

lntensive observation was conducted in the bioregional unit of Ciliwung watershed from the upper
stream, the middle stream, and the downstream (Fig. 3). The upper stream has landscape characteristics
as a hillland mountainous area; poverty, low of land property right; agricultural farmlands and big

plantatiJiestates, minerat water resources; and forest & greenery open space. The landscape character
of mlddle stream is: flat till undulating area, high density of population; settlements & new settlements;
industrial areas & pol.lution; abandon lands; agricultural farmlands; land use changing. The characteristics
of the downstream are: flat area, high density of population; dense settlements; water/industrial
pollution; lack of greenery,spen space; and dominated by trading and services area.

JAI(ARTA

DEPOX

BOGOR
DISTRICT

BOGOR CITY

BOGOR DISTRICT
a!M

Figure 3. The Characteristics of Ciliwung Watershed
Source: Environmental Analysis & Spatral Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry-lPB

The study has been conducted in Jabodetabek Region srnce 2013. The deep observation was held in
Ciliwung watershed from the upper stream to the downstream2. The length of Ciliwung River is around
117 km, which cover the area c.a.386 km2. Three sample sites in the upper stream are: Desa Pandansari,
Desa Tugu Utara, and Desa Cilember (Bogor District). There are

9 samples in the Middle stream are:

Kelurahan Katulampa, Kelurahan Sempur, Kelurahan Kedunghalang (Bogor City), Kelurahan Karadenan,
Kelurahan Waringin Jaya, Kelurahan Sukahati (Bogor District), Kelurahan Tirtajaya, Kelurahan Depok, and

Jakarta, i.e.
study sites are tocated in Metropolitan
Kelurahan pondok cina (Depok City). The downstream
(Fig'4)'
Melayu; and Kelurahan Tanjung Priok
Kelurahan Lenteng Agung; Kelurahan Kampung

PEIALffAI
PAaa,fiux

O'#----:-'t-l olscrrf
- to-Prgr
[-1 ear***

I3=

\
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Figure 4. Study area in Ciliwung Watershed

in the level
cover/open spaces changing was conducted
The macro scale research of green and blue land
sensing
and 2010' lt was detected using remote
of bioregional of ciliwung watershed from 197& 1995,
Mss in
the changes in land cover' it's used Landsat
methods with the supervised classification. To know
bio-physic+
Survey method was held in order to collect
1978, Landsat TM 1995 and Landsat ETM 20103'

social-economicdatainthemicroscaleof"kelurahan"unit'FocusGroupDiscuSsiOnwithallstakeholders
pocket
media (leaflet, poster/standing banner, and
was conducted to decide dissemination program
are
to change the mind-set of communities' who
book). Those media will be used for social engineering
living close to the riparian landscape'

RESULT AND DSICUSSION

Green and Blue Open Spaces Management

for
very important for landscape services' especialiy
Greenery open spaces and blue open spaces are

waterresourcesmanaSement.Theyarealsofunctionedasbiodiversityconservation,microclimate
ameliorationbyCarbonsequestration,andlandscapebeautification'TheformofgreeneryopenSpace
plantation,
landscape, orchard, mixed garden,
can be as pekorangon or home garden, agriculture
in the
as land cover can absorb and keep water

Community Park, City Park, and urban fOrest. Vegetation
Blue open
produce water in the air' is called "green water''
soil. A process of evapotranspiration, which
lake' dam' pond and
(lotic and lentic) of river' canal' situ' embung'
spaces could be found as water bodies
place' when
runoff waters are flowed to the lower
wet land forms, such as marsh and swamp area. some

the water penetrated to the soil, then percolated to the aquifer layer. Both of surface water and spring
which is exposed as water bodies then it's called as ,,blue wate/, (Fig. 5).
Greenery open space, ruong terbuko hijou (RTH) in lndonesia has regulated in spatial planning and
management lRencano Tata Ruong Wilayoh ond Rencano Tato Ruong Kota/Kobuporen) through the Law
No. 26/2007 regarding Spatial Planninga. However, policy/decision makers have not been interested yet
to regulate blue open spaces, ruang terbuko biru (RTB) strictly. Both of RTB and RTH have some roles as
landscape services, such as: 1. water basin reservoir; 2. habitat of bio{iversity conservation;3. carbon
sequestratin and micro-climate amelioration; 4. medium for production of agriculture and fishery; and 5.

Medium for serving the amenities, landscape beautiflcation for tourism. Therefore, analysis of green &
blue open spaces changes is very important in study area. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with
stakeholders were held to have some input to formulate social engineering. The last but not least,
dissemination program to be designed for implementation of sustainabte RTH and

Rainfall
Etaporadon

RTB.

Green Water

A
I

Runof

Blue Water

Figure 5. Green water and blue water concept

Changing Pattern of RTB and RTH
Land cover changing, especially, the RTB landscape in Ciliwung watershed from 1978, 1995, and 2010 was

detected by using remote sensing methods with the supervised classification. To identify the changes in
land cover, it's used Landsat MSS in 197g, Landsat TM 1995 and Landsat ETM + 20103. spatial analysis
result showed significant changes when RTB area in 1978-1995 was decreased approximately 27.62 ha
(0.07%')and 1995 to 2010 declined approximately 56.01 ha (0.77%). The change directions are
dominated

by changes RTB into settlements of a new town with an area ol 1.74.79 ha (16.96%). Furthermore,
greenery open space (RTH) was changed in Ciliwung watershed from 1978, 1995 to 2010 significantlyr a
(Fie. 6).

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