Design and Develop Of Vehicle Security System With Notification And Coordination Method.
DESIGN AND DEVELOP OF VEHICLE SECURITY SYSTEM WITH NOTIFICATION AND COORDINATION METHOD
KOH GUAN KEONG
A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Mechatronic Engineering
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
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“I hereby declare that I have read through this report entitle “Design and Develop of Vehicle Security System with Notification and Coordination Method” and found that it has comply the partial fulfilment for awarding the degree of Bachelor of Mechatronic
Engineering”
Signature : ... Supervisor’s Name : ... Date : ...
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I declare that this report entitle “Design and Develop of Vehicle Security System with Notification and Coordination Method” is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree.
Signature : ... Name : ... Date : ...
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ABSTRACT
Vehicle security system is a critical part of an entire car system in order to prevent unauthorised access into the car. As the statistic shown that the number of cases of private car being stolen is increasing and the recovery rate is decreasing sharply, it shows that car security system failed to perform to prevent unauthorised access. Most of the vehicle security system simply consists of a few door-open detection switch, siren and a remote control to protect the car, which appears to be weak against an experienced car theft. Therefore, the project is carried out to develop a vehicle security system which can measure the dynamic acceleration inside the vehicle using ADXL345 accelerometer and locate the coordinate of the vehicle by using Ublox Neo-6M GPS receiver. For methodology, the first experiment is to determine the most suitable position among the four places inside a car to place the device. The second experiment concerns about the most suitable threshold value to be set for the acceleration detection part which is used to detect multiple types of intrusion. Third experiment focus on analysing the performance of the GPS receiver for accurate tracking. The results showed that the most suitable position to place the device is inside the centre of car Dashboard and the most suitable threshold for the acceleration detection part is between 1.1g to 1.2g. The results from experiment 3 shows that the GPS receiver has a mean cold start-up time of 5 minutes 47 seconds and hot start-up time of 11.72 seconds, with a standard deviation of 0.000003706° in Latitude and 0.000002762° in Longitude for position tracking. This project also shows the ability for SMS & Web Tracking of the vehicle’s position and power off the car engine when intrusion is detected.
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ABSTRAK
Sistem keselamatan kenderaan adalah salah satu bahagian yang penting dalam sistem kenderaan untuk menghalang pencuri kereta memasuki ke dalam kereta. Statistik telah menunjukkan bahawa jumlah kes kereta persendirian yang dicuri meningkat setiap tahun dan kadar pemulihan semakin berkurangan dengan ketara, keadaan ini menunjukkan bahawa sistem keselamatan kereta gagal untuk menghalang pencuri kereta. Kebanyakan sistem keselamatan kenderaan hanya terdiri daripada beberapa suis pengesanan keadaan pintu, siren dan alat kawalan jauh untuk melindungi kereta daripada pencuri kereta yang berpengalaman. Oleh itu, projek ini dilakukan untuk reka bentuk sistem keselamatan kenderaan yang boleh mengukur pecutan dinamik di dalam kenderaan menggunakan sensor ADXL345 dan mencari koordinat kenderaan itu dengan menggunakan sensor GPS Ublox Neo-6M. Sebagai methodologi, Eksperimen pertama adalah untuk menentukan posisi yang paling sesuai di antara empat tempat di dalam kereta untuk meletakkan system ini. Eksperimen kedua adalah tentang nilai ambang yang paling sesuai untuk ditetapkan untuk bahagian pengesanan pecutan yang digunakan untuk mengesan beberapa jenis intrusi. Selain itu, Eksperiment ketiga fokus kepada analisis prestasi sensor GPS untuk pengesanan posisi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kedudukan yang paling sesuai untuk meletakkan sistem ini di dalam papan pemuka kereta dan ambang yang paling sesuai untuk bahagian pengesanan pecutan adalah antara 1.1g untuk 1.2g. Eksperimen ketiga menunjukkan sensor GPS ini perlukan masa 5 minit 47 saat untuk permulaan sejuk dan masa 11.72 saat untuk permulaan panas, dengan sisihan piawai yang 0.000003706° dan 0.000002762° dalam Latitude dan Longitude semasa pengesanan posisi. Projek ini juga menunjukkan kebolehan untuk pengesanan posisi melalui SMS dan laman Web. Engin kereta juga akan ditutupkan bila pencerobohan dikesan.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii
LIST OF APPENDICES xiii
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Problem Statement 4
1.3 Project Objectives 5
1.4 Project Scope 5
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Literature review on previous study of Vehicle Security 6 System
2.2.1 “Combined Remote Key Control and Immobilization 7 for Vehicle Security”
2.2.2 “RFID-Based Anti-theft Auto Security System with 8 An Immobilizer”
2.2.3 “Ubiquitous GPS Vehicle Tracking and Management 9 System.”
2.2.4 “Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring By ARM7” 10 2.3 Overview on the previous study of Vehicle Security 11
Systems
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3 METHODOLOGY 14
3.1 Introduction 14
3.2 System Overview 14
3.3 Prototype Design 15
3.3.1 Hardware Selection 15
3.3.1.1 Arduino Pro Mini 328 5V Microcontroller 15 3.3.1.2 Accelerometer sensor (ADXL345) 16 3.3.1.3 GPS receiver U-blox Neo-6M 17 3.3.1.4 RF module AK-RXB12-X RF 18 3.3.1.5 GSM Modem-Neoway M590E 19
3.3.2 Hardware 20
3.3.2.1 Hardware Overview 20 3.3.2.2 Acceleration Measurement 21 3.3.2.3 GPS Coordinate Locating 22 3.3.2.4 GSM Modem Communication 23
3.3.2.5 Immobilizer 24
3.3.3 Experiment 1 26
3.3.3.1 Removing Uncertainties 27
3.3.4 Experiment 2 30
3.3.4.1 Removing Uncertainties 30
3.3.5 Experiment 3 31
3.3.5.1 Removing Uncertainties 31
4 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 32
4.1 Overview 32
4.2 Experiment 1 32
4.3 Experiment 2 36
4.4 Experiment 3 39
4.5 SMS Alert and Web Tracking 42
4.6 Engine Cut Off Circuit 44
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 47
5.1 Conclusion 47
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REFERENCES 48
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
2.1 Overview study of previous system 11
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
1.1 Number of cases of stolen private car from 1980 to 2010 1 1.2 Statistics of Car Theft methods in United Kingdom (2009) 2 1.3 Statistic of recovery rate for stolen vehicles in Malaysia 3 2.1 The simplified immobilization system by Ben Davis and 7
Ron DeLong
2.2 Intelligent Vehicle Control System Working Principle by 8 Geeth Javendra, Sisil Kumarawadu dan Lasantha Meegahapola
2.3 GPS Vehicle Tracking System Architecture by 9 Iman M.Almomani, Nour Y.Alkhalil, Enas M.Ahmad and
Rania M.Jodeh
2.4 The system overview of Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring 10 System by Prof Pushpalatha S, Gangadhar M and Madhu M S.
3.1 System Overview of the Vehicle Security System 14 3.2 Arduino Pro Mni 328 5v microcontroller 15 3.3 CJMCU_ADXL345 Accelerometer Sensor 16
3.4 U-blox Neo-6M GPS Sensor 17
3.5 AK-RXB12-X RF receiver and Transmitter 18
3.6 Neoway M590E GSM Modem 19
3.7 Hardware Overview of this project 20 3.8 Flowchart of the Acceleration Measurement part 21 3.9 Flowchart of the GPS Coordinate Locating part 22 3.10 Flowchart of the GSM Modem Communication part 23 3.11 Flowchart of the Immobilizer part 24 3.12 Engine Ignition Control Relay circuit 25 3.13 Acceleration measurement prototype 26 3.14 The working principle of the acceleration measurement 26
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FIGURE TITLE PAGE
3.15 Orientation of the Acceleration measurement prototype across 27 all measurement.
3.16 Prototype position on center of Dashboard 28 3.17 Prototype position in Storage Compartment 28 3.18 Prototype position under driver seat 29 3.19 Prototype position in back bonnet 29 3.20 Door Open Acceleration data measurement 30 3.21 The working principle of the Coordinate locating prototype 31
4.1 Dashboard result 32
4.2 Storage Compartment result 33
4.3 Under Driver seat result 33
4.4 Back Bonnet result 34
4.5 Comparison of Z-axis at all position 35
4.6 Open Door result 36
4.7 Engine starting result 37 4.8 Accelerating from 0 to 20KM/h result 37 4.9 The time taken for cold start-up 39 4.10 The time taken for hot start-up 39 4.11 The graph of latitude collected from GPS at a fixed position 40 4.12 The graph of longitude collected from GPS at a fixed position 40 4.13 The notification SMS with GPS Coordinate and Google Maps link 42 4.14 The Google Maps webpage redirected by the hyperlink 43 4.15 The Relay Circuitry for Power Cut Off System 44 4.16 The Motor and LED is turned ON with input signal LOW 44 4.17 The Motor and LED is turned OFF with input signal HIGH 45 4.18 Relay bypassing power when threshold is not triggered 45 4.19 Relay is activated which cuts off the power supply to the LED 46
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
GPS - Global Positioning System SMS - Short Messaging Service
GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication RKE - Remote Keyless Entry
MCU - Micro Controller Unit IC - Integrated Circuit LF - Low Frequency
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification GPRS - General Packet Radio Service LCD - Liquid Crystal Display ECU - Engine Control Unit RAM - Random Access Memory ROM - Read-Only Memory SPI - Serial Peripheral Interface I2C - Inter-integrated Circuit RF - Radio Frequency
IDE - Integrated Development Environment
UART - Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter USB - Universal Serial Bus
NMEA- National Marine Electronic Association LED - Light Emitting Diode
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE PAGE
A Gantt chart 49
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Motivation
Car security system or a vehicle security system is a critical part of an entire car system in order to prevent unauthorised access into the car. Unfortunately, most of the car security system failed to prevent car theft. Starting from the first case of car theft in year 1896, the number of car being stolen has been raised rapidly. Figure 1.1 below shows the statistic of the number of stolen private cars in Malaysia from year 1980 to 2010 [1]. From the figure, we can conclude that the number of cases of stolen car is increasing exponentially from 1980 to 2010. Although there are some decrease of the stolen cases for some year but the number of cases are raised rapidly in overall.
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With the statistic shown that the number of cases of private car being stolen is increasing year by year, it shows that car security system failed to perform to prevent unauthorised access. Figure 1.2 below shows the methods used by car theft in United Kingdom in 2009. Based from Figure 1.2, most cases happen when the car keys are being stolen in burglary, which is 37% [2]. Followed by the cases where owner left their car key inside the car (18%). 14% of car stolen by Forced Ignition, where the theft hijack the car wiring system to start the car and drive away. We can conclude that 72% of the cases is related with car key (Other using keys 12%, Keys stolen in burglary 37%, Keys stolen in robbery 5%, Keys left in car 18%) which reflects that car keys failed to protect the car.
Figure 1.2: Statistics of Car Theft methods in United Kingdom (2009) [2]
Some of the lucky owner was able to recover back their car after being stolen by car theft. Figure 1.3 shows the recovery rate for stolen vehicles in Malaysia for year 2003-2004 and 2009. The recovery rate for year 2003-2004 (59.4% total) is higher than 2008-2009 which is only 10% of total cases [1]. The recovery rate dropped sharply due to the rapid raise of the number of cases of stolen vehicle in 2008-2009.
12% 14% 2% 5% 37% 5% 18% 7%
Car Theft Methods
Other using keys Forced Ignition Pushed/Towed Away Forgery/fraud Keys stolen in burglary Keys stolen in robbery Keys left in car Taking without consent
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With the low recovery rate, the performance and effectiveness of vehicle security system should be taken into consideration seriously to prevent further increase in vehicle stolen cases.
Figure 1.3: Statistic of recovery rate for stolen vehicles in Malaysia. [1] 33
9.5 26.4
4.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
2003-2004 2008-2009
R
ec
o
ver
y
ra
te
(%)
Year
Recovery Rate for stolen vehicles in Malaysia
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1.2 Problem Statement
Most of the car today are equipped with security system as vehicle security system is becoming a “must have” equipment for the safety of every car. Different types of security system are designed by manufacturer or third party organisation according to car owner’s need, some may include vibration sensor or even tilt sensor for additional protection.
However, most of the vehicle security system simply consists of a few door-open detection switch, siren and a remote control to protect the car from unauthorised access, which appears to be weak against an experienced car theft. Besides, a remote control based vehicle security system only allow one way of communication, remote-to-car, this limitation causing the remote control based vehicle security system becoming passive as the owner only able know the car is being intruded when he/she hears the siren. If the owner is inside a building, the system fails to inform the owner that his/her car is in danger. Moreover, conventional vehicle security system are not able to detect the location and movement of the vehicle, which fails to protect the car if it’s pushed or towed away.
Hence, these issues lead to the development of a more advanced vehicle security system which is able to detect movement and/or vibration of vehicle with location coordination reporting and two-way communication between the owner and the security system. Appropriate sensor will be selected to trigger the security system. The sensor’s location, method of trigger and trigger threshold is needed to be determined. Immobilizer will be added to turn off the car engine after movement has been detected.
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1.3 Project Objectives
The objectives for this project are as follows:
1. To measure and analyse dynamic acceleration with accelerometer ADXL345 in X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis for the best device location and determine the threshold for intrusion activity.
2. To locate and analyse the position of the device in GPS coordinate using Ublox Neo-6M GPS module.
3. To develop a control algorithm that able to send and respond to Short Messaging Service (SMS) via GSM Module with AT Commands through Serial Communications.
4. To develop a power cut off system that able to turn off and prevent starting of car engine when intrusion is detected.
1.4 Project Scope
The scopes of this project are outline as follows:
1. The first part involves in the determination vehicle’s movement. In this project, the accelerometer is used to detect vibration and/or movement of the device installed in a vehicle. The measured value is compared to the pre-set threshold value before triggers the alarm.
2. The second part is concerning the tracking of the vehicle. GPS module is used to locate the vehicle’s coordinate and the detected position is stored as Last Known Position to prevent loss of satellite signal such as entering underground car park. 3. The third part is more to GSM communication. GSM module is used to send and receive SMS (Short Messaging Service). AT commands are used to perform the send and receive actions. A proper SMS format is needed for the detecting the command sent from the user.
4. The forth part of this project is about the turn off system for turning off the running engine and prevent further starting until the user cancel the alert. Relay will be used to perform the action by turning off the voltage supply to ignition systems.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Literature review is a depth study and evaluation from previous research. It is important to study various type of vehicle security system and development of the system. This chapter provides the important aspect and summarize of literature review on Vehicle Security System.
2.2 Literature Review on previous study of Vehicle Security System.
Vehicle Security is always a concern by owners, there have been many research on the Vehicle Security System done and basically all research can be classified by two category. The first category is concerning of prevent unauthorised entry into the car and prevent the vehicle from starting. The second category is to lock down and locate the lost vehicle.
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2.2.1 “Combined Remote Key Control and Immobilization System for Vehicle Security”
Ben Davis and Ron DeLong presented this vehicle security system in 1996, which consists of Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) and Immobilization with the use of Micro-Controller Unit (MCU). This system improves the safety of Remote Key Control by introducing a unique authentication technique which the Remote unit generates different authentication code to the MCU during each transmission [3], which makes the decoding job difficult for car theft. This immobilizer system works by implement an Integrated Circuit (IC) inside the Car Key Remote control unit which communicates with the MCU by using LF radio signal at 125 kHz with inductive coupling technique. As shown in Figure 2.1, after receiving the correct authentication code, the MCU will allows the engine to be started up by the user. This system has the advantages of secure communication which makes the radio intercept and replay technique failed to gain access to the vehicle.
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2.2.2: “RFID-Based Anti-theft Auto Security System with an Immobilizer”
In 2007, Geeth Jayendra, Sisil kumarawadu and Lasantha Meegahapola come out with a vehicle security system using Active RFID (Radio frequency Identification). This system reduced the hacking probability to − 4 by sending 8-bit rolling unique
authentication code each time the transmitter operate [4]. Compared to passive RFID, active RFID has longer range of up to 200m for operation, which enable the owner to disable the stolen car in a safe distance. This system consists of 3 unit, Transmitting Unit, Receiving Unit and Intelligent Vehicle Control Unit which communicating with each another. In case of vehicle is in danger, the owner can simply press the disable button on the portable transmitting unit, which will then sends out the unique authentication code to the receiving unit. After the receiving unit decoded the signal, the receiving unit communicate with the intelligent vehicle control unit to turn off the car engine. One of the advantages of this system is that the system includes an automatic gear shifter controller which will shift the transmission to Neutral position in case the vehicle is in high speed, and allows the vehicle to bring down the speed before engine shut down. Figure 2.2 shows the working principle of the system.
Figure 2.2: Intelligent Vehicle Control System Working Principle by Geeth Jayendra, Sisil Kumarawadu and Lasantha Meegahapola.
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2.2.3: “Ubiquitous GPS Vehicle Tracking and Management System”
In 2011, Iman M.Almomani, Nour Y. Alkhalil, Enas M. Ahmad and Rania M. Jodeh designed a Global Positioning System (GPS) vehicle tracking and management system. This system combined both Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and GPS to achieve vehicle tracking. The GSM is used to send alert message through Short Messaging Service (SMS) which consists four types of alert: Over-Speeding, Enter/Exit a Geo-fence Area, Car Stops/Moves and Alarm Status [5]. GPRS is used to upload the tracking data onto GPRS Server in user-defined interval which is then allows online tracking via Web Server. Google Maps is used to display the vehicle position, which includes the geometrical information and graphical presentation, allows the user to recognise the vehicle’s position easily. This system has the advantages of being user friendly and easy management via the use of computer or mobile phone. On the other hand, this system have disadvantages of requires internet connectivity to be functional. Figure 2.3 shows the system architecture of the system.
Figure 2.3: GPS Vehicle Tracking System Architecture by Iman M.Almomani, Nour Y. Alkhalil, Enas M. Ahmad and Rania M. Jodeh [5].
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2.2.4: “Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring By ARM7”
Prof. Pushpalatha S, Gangadhar M and Madhu M S has developed this vehicle tracking and monitoring system in year 2014. This system consists of Accelerometer, Temperature sensor (LM35), Pressure Sensor, GSM modem and GPS Receiver MT3318 to achieve vehicle tracking and condition monitoring. Accelerometer is used to detect movement and vibration of the vehicle while Temperature sensor and pressure sensor are used to provide the environment condition inside the vehicle which is useful for cargo or transportation vehicle [6]. The GPS Receiver MT3318 provides the location of the vehicle and the data is transmitted to the Remote Monitoring System in real-time through GSM Modem. A relay is used to turn off the car engine voltage supply when the owner operates from the Remote Monitoring System to prevent the car from starting in case of intrusion happens. Figure 2.4 shows the system overview of the Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring system.
Figure 2.4: The system overview of Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring system by Prof. Pushpalatha S, Gangadhar M and Madhu M S. [6]
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2.3 Overview on the previous study of Vehicle Security Systems.
Table 2.1: Overview study of previous systems. Title Sensor / Input Control System Output Combined Remote
Key Control and Immobilization System for Vehicle Security [3]
Remote Key
Control Inductive coupling authentication system
Immobilizer
RFID-Based Anti-theft Auto Security System with an Immobilizer [4]
Active RFID Transmitter Vehicle Speed
Input
Rolling RFID authentication system
Intelligent Vehicle Speed Control System.
Immobilizer Automatic Gear
Control Unit
Ubiquitous GPS Vehicle Tracking and Management System [5]
GPS Receiver Position locating system.
Position reporting via GPRS.
SMS alert Web Tracking
via Google Maps Vehicle Tracking
and Monitoring By ARM7 [6]
Accelerometer Temperature
Sensor
Pressure Sensor GPS Receiver
Position locating system. Position reporting via GSM Modem Acceleration, Temperature and pressure reporting system. Immobilizer Remote Monitoring System LCD display
Table 2.1 summarize all the previous system that has been studied. From the table, the system feature to be included into this system is decided after considering the advantages and disadvantages of each systems. Table 2.2 shows the comparison of each component.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Literature review is a depth study and evaluation from previous research. It is important to study various type of vehicle security system and development of the system. This chapter provides the important aspect and summarize of literature review on Vehicle Security System.
2.2 Literature Review on previous study of Vehicle Security System.
Vehicle Security is always a concern by owners, there have been many research on the Vehicle Security System done and basically all research can be classified by two category. The first category is concerning of prevent unauthorised entry into the car and prevent the vehicle from starting. The second category is to lock down and locate the lost vehicle.
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2.2.1 “Combined Remote Key Control and Immobilization System for Vehicle Security”
Ben Davis and Ron DeLong presented this vehicle security system in 1996, which consists of Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) and Immobilization with the use of Micro-Controller Unit (MCU). This system improves the safety of Remote Key Control by introducing a unique authentication technique which the Remote unit generates different authentication code to the MCU during each transmission [3], which makes the decoding job difficult for car theft. This immobilizer system works by implement an Integrated Circuit (IC) inside the Car Key Remote control unit which communicates with the MCU by using LF radio signal at 125 kHz with inductive coupling technique. As shown in Figure 2.1, after receiving the correct authentication code, the MCU will allows the engine to be started up by the user. This system has the advantages of secure communication which makes the radio intercept and replay technique failed to gain access to the vehicle.
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2.2.2: “RFID-Based Anti-theft Auto Security System with an Immobilizer”
In 2007, Geeth Jayendra, Sisil kumarawadu and Lasantha Meegahapola come out with a vehicle security system using Active RFID (Radio frequency Identification). This system reduced the hacking probability to − 4 by sending 8-bit rolling unique
authentication code each time the transmitter operate [4]. Compared to passive RFID, active RFID has longer range of up to 200m for operation, which enable the owner to disable the stolen car in a safe distance. This system consists of 3 unit, Transmitting Unit, Receiving Unit and Intelligent Vehicle Control Unit which communicating with each another. In case of vehicle is in danger, the owner can simply press the disable button on the portable transmitting unit, which will then sends out the unique authentication code to the receiving unit. After the receiving unit decoded the signal, the receiving unit communicate with the intelligent vehicle control unit to turn off the car engine. One of the advantages of this system is that the system includes an automatic gear shifter controller which will shift the transmission to Neutral position in case the vehicle is in high speed, and allows the vehicle to bring down the speed before engine shut down. Figure 2.2 shows the working principle of the system.
Figure 2.2: Intelligent Vehicle Control System Working Principle by Geeth Jayendra, Sisil Kumarawadu and Lasantha Meegahapola.
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2.2.3: “Ubiquitous GPS Vehicle Tracking and Management System”
In 2011, Iman M.Almomani, Nour Y. Alkhalil, Enas M. Ahmad and Rania M. Jodeh designed a Global Positioning System (GPS) vehicle tracking and management system. This system combined both Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and GPS to achieve vehicle tracking. The GSM is used to send alert message through Short Messaging Service (SMS) which consists four types of alert: Over-Speeding, Enter/Exit a Geo-fence Area, Car Stops/Moves and Alarm Status [5]. GPRS is used to upload the tracking data onto GPRS Server in user-defined interval which is then allows online tracking via Web Server. Google Maps is used to display the vehicle position, which includes the geometrical information and graphical presentation, allows the user to recognise the vehicle’s position easily. This system has the advantages of being user friendly and easy management via the use of computer or mobile phone. On the other hand, this system have disadvantages of requires internet connectivity to be functional. Figure 2.3 shows the system architecture of the system.
Figure 2.3: GPS Vehicle Tracking System Architecture by Iman M.Almomani, Nour Y. Alkhalil, Enas M. Ahmad and Rania M. Jodeh [5].
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2.2.4: “Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring By ARM7”
Prof. Pushpalatha S, Gangadhar M and Madhu M S has developed this vehicle tracking and monitoring system in year 2014. This system consists of Accelerometer, Temperature sensor (LM35), Pressure Sensor, GSM modem and GPS Receiver MT3318 to achieve vehicle tracking and condition monitoring. Accelerometer is used to detect movement and vibration of the vehicle while Temperature sensor and pressure sensor are used to provide the environment condition inside the vehicle which is useful for cargo or transportation vehicle [6]. The GPS Receiver MT3318 provides the location of the vehicle and the data is transmitted to the Remote Monitoring System in real-time through GSM Modem. A relay is used to turn off the car engine voltage supply when the owner operates from the Remote Monitoring System to prevent the car from starting in case of intrusion happens. Figure 2.4 shows the system overview of the Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring system.
Figure 2.4: The system overview of Vehicle Tracking and Monitoring system by Prof. Pushpalatha S, Gangadhar M and Madhu M S. [6]
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2.3 Overview on the previous study of Vehicle Security Systems. Table 2.1: Overview study of previous systems. Title Sensor / Input Control System Output Combined Remote
Key Control and Immobilization System for Vehicle Security [3]
Remote Key
Control Inductive coupling authentication system
Immobilizer
RFID-Based Anti-theft Auto Security System with an Immobilizer [4]
Active RFID Transmitter Vehicle Speed
Input
Rolling RFID authentication system
Intelligent Vehicle Speed Control System.
Immobilizer Automatic Gear
Control Unit
Ubiquitous GPS Vehicle Tracking and Management System [5]
GPS Receiver Position locating system.
Position reporting via GPRS.
SMS alert Web Tracking
via Google Maps Vehicle Tracking
and Monitoring By ARM7 [6]
Accelerometer Temperature
Sensor
Pressure Sensor GPS Receiver
Position locating system. Position reporting via GSM Modem Acceleration, Temperature and pressure reporting system. Immobilizer Remote Monitoring System LCD display
Table 2.1 summarize all the previous system that has been studied. From the table, the system feature to be included into this system is decided after considering the advantages and disadvantages of each systems. Table 2.2 shows the comparison of each component.