CHAPTER II REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Grammar
In developing students’ mastery in using English to communicate, structure as one of language components may be taught to them. Students should have knowledge of the
rules of language and are able to use the language correctly. This is based on Harman’s explanation. He state that the pattern of a language
is seen in its grammar, rather than in its vocabulary Harman, 1950: 3. From his statement, we can see that structure or grammar is very important in every language.
The writer will explain some sources which are in line with grammar, textbook, genres and noun phrase
2.1.1 Definition of Grammar
Grammar has flexible definition, which means that many experts give the definition of grammar. It has several meaning and there is no universally accepted
definition of it. House and Harman state that grammar is the study of words and their function. In its wider sense, it may include phonology pronunciation, morphology
inflectional forms, syntax the relation of words to other words in phrases, clauses, and sentence, and semantic meaning of words. And in its narrower sense it may
deal with the forms with the use of words House Harman, 1950: 3.
Grammar is a set of rules by which people speak and write. According to Cook and Richard, grammar is a written description of the rules of a language Cook
Richard, 1980: 2. It is similar with Lock statement, he stated that a grammar as a
resource for creating meaning in spoken and written discourse Lock, 1996. It is definitely true that the descriptions of grammar above are different, but
the purpose is similar, that is an adequate description of the sentence level formal features of language.
2.1.2 Role of Grammar in Language Teaching
If we study a language, we also have to study about its grammar. Grammar is one of the language components; it has an important role in communication. It is
taught to the students to support four skills they are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Depdikbud, 1994: 2-4.
Wilkins strengthens this statement. He stated that we know that there exist a limited number of structures in each language, and some admittedly, more simple
more basic, more important than others, that the learning of a language is the learning of these structures one by one 1983.
From those, we know that grammar is very essential knowledge in learning language. It is important to understand the meaning of the individual words in a
sentence. It is not enough to understand sentence itself, we need grammatical device, such as the arrangement of words in phrases, tenses, etc.
2.2 Content of Standard for SMA MA
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