Determiner + Noun Adjective + Noun Noun + Noun V- ing -ed + Noun
Table 4.3 The Percentage and the amount of Pre-Modifier + Head
Book 1 Book 2
Book 3 Noun Phrase
Construction Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage
1. Determiner
2. Adjective
3. Noun
4. V-ing
5. V-ed
83 21
15 3
- 68
17 12
3 -
46 29
4 2
1 56
35 5
3 1
45 17
16 -
- 58
22 20
- -
4.1.1.1 Determiner + Noun
the use of determiner + Noun has percentage 68 in book 1, 56 in book 2, and 58 in book 3. So determiner here is the most dominant Pre- Modifier. Some
examples the use of Determiner + Noun:
Table 4.4 Some examples of Determiner + Noun
Book Determiner Noun
1 1
1 1
1 2
2 2
2 2
3 the
many a
this his
one most
these its
the 70,000
parks places
consequence problem
house computer
telephone claws
balance body
homes
3 3
3 3
some your
other its
species brain
species surface
4.1.1.2 Adjective + Noun
The use of Adjective + Noun has percentage 17 in book 1, 35 in book 2, and 22 in book 3. Adjective as a determiner consists of nationality, substance,
color, age, shape, size, and quality. Adjective denoting quality is the most dominant adjective as Pre- Modifier. Some examples of Adjective + Noun presented bellow:
Table 4.5 Some examples of Adjective + Noun
Book Adjective Noun
1 1
1 1
2 2
2 2
3 3
3 3
aggressive local
bad big
large powerful
orange European
modern dry
additional amazing
loggers potters
smell pressure
computers bodies
pulp explorers
semicondutors land
roots nerve activity
4.1.1.3 Noun + Noun
Noun in English Noun Phrase construction not only has function as a head, but also as a pre-modifier. The use of Noun + Noun has percentage 12 in book 1,
5 in book 2, and 20 in book 3.There are two kinds of thestructure of this sort. Those are the possive construction, and Noun- Adjuncdt construction. Some
examples of Noun + Noun are presented bellow:
Table 4.6 Some examples of Noun + Noun
Book Noun Noun
1 1
1 1
1 2
2 3
3 3
3 orangutan
days air
rubbish pollution
voice telephone
solar nuclear
water brain
habitat ride
pollution container
problem messages
network energy
energy sources
cells
4.1.1.4 V- ing -ed + Noun
The use of V-ing -ed + Noun has percentage 3 in book 1, 3 in book 2, and 0 in book 3. Whereas the use of V-ed has percentage 0 in book 1, 1 in book
2, and 0 in book 3. Some examples of V- ing -ed + Noun are presented bellow:
Table 4.7 Some examples of V-ing + Noun
Book V-ing Noun
1 2
purchasing running
agent shoes
4.1.2 Head + Post- Modifier