C. Problem Limitation
There are many elements involved in the attainment of good speaking skills.This study is focused on the designing of material. In designing material, the
researcher uses some theories for the basic literature review, such as ESP English for Specific Purpose, Material Development, etc. The material design is focused
on speaking. The material is designed related with the hotel staffs jobs. The researcher expects that the well-designed material will improve the hotel staffs’
motivation in learning English especially speaking.
D. Problem Formulation
Based on the background of the problems, identification of the problem and limitation of problem, the researcher formulates the problem as follow:
1. What kind of English speaking material do the hotel staffs need to learn? 2. What English speaking material are suitable for hotel staffs to learn?
E. Objective of the Research
Related to the formulation of the problem above, the objectives of this study are as follows:
1. To find out the kind of English speaking material that the hotel staffs need, 2. To design suitable English speaking material for the hotel staffs,
F. Significanceof Research
The writer expects that the result of the research study:
1. Will surely be useful for the hotel staffs of Srikandi Hotel to develop their speaking ability,
2. Will be useful for the material designer to design material that are suitable for the learners’ needs of English,
3. Will also be useful for the instructors in giving relevant material for their learners, also make the learners more motivated, and
4. Will encourage other English Language Education students to conduct similar research on the similar fields of study.
7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A. Literature Review
1. Speaking
a. The nature of speaking
Everyone has an ability to communicate with another people in another language. Communication will be happened if both of them understand what they
said. To understand what the speaker said we must know how to articulate the sounds in comprehensible manner. According to Nunan 2006: 226 in order to speak in
another language we need to know how to articulate sounds in a comprehensible manner, an adequate vocabulary, and good syntax comprehension. Although people
mastery these linguistic component it is not sufficient for someone who wants to communicate competently in another language. We must know the characteristic of
communicative competences. According to Richards, Platt and Weber 1985:49 characteristic of
communicative competences includes: a knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary of the language; b knowledge of rules of speaking e.g., knowing how to begin and
end the conversations, knowing what topic can be talked about different types of speech events, knowing which address forms should be used with different person
one speaks to and in different situation; c knowing how to use and respond to
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