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CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter presented the explanation about research methods applied in this research. The research methods consist of research design, operational
definition of the key terms, area determination method, respondent determination method, data collection method, and data analysis method. Those research
methods are presented in the following sections respectively.
3.1 Research Design
The research design of this research was a quasi-experimental research with Post-test Only Control Group Design. This research also used quantitative
analysis in analyzing. It emphasized on numbers, measurements, deductive logic, control, and experiments. Fraenkel and Wallen 2000:284 point out that the
experimental group receives a treatment of some sort such as a new textbook or different method of teaching, while the control group receives no such treatment,
but they will be taught using conventional method. In this case, the researcher took two groups as the research samples. Since the population was homogeneous,
two groups as the research sample were taken randomly. They were determined by cluster random sampling, and they were selected randomly to be experimental
group and control group by lottery. A special treatment of SQ3R Strategy was manipulated to the
experimental group for a certain period of time whereas it was not given to the control group. The control group was taught by using question and answer
strategy. The purpose of this research was to know whether or not there was a significant effect of using SQ3R Strategy on reading comprehension achievement
in experimental group. The design of this research is described as follows:
Experimental group R
X
1
O
1
Control group R
X
2
O
2
Notes: R = Random Assignment
X
1
= Treatment X
2
= No Treatment O
1
= Posttest of experimental group O
2
= Posttest of control group Fraenkel and Wallen, 2000:290
The procedures of this research were as follows: 1.
Choosing the research population and giving a test to know the homogeneity of the classes.
2. Analyzing the test result by t-test formula to know the significance of
mean difference of the existing classes. It was intended to know the homogeneity of the classes.
3. The result of homogeneity test was 0,377. It meant that the population was
considered homogeneous. Then, choosing two classes as the research samples as the experimental group and as the control group randomly by
lottery. 4.
Choosing the recount text as the material. The topic of the material was chosen according to the syllabus at the school.
5. Administering a try-out of the teacher-made test to one of the other classes
which was not included as the research sample, in order to establish the validity, reliability, to know the difficulty level of the test items and
whether the instruction and the time allocation were appropriate. 6.
Giving the experimental group a treatment X
1
that was teaching reading by using SQ3R and the control group without using SQ3R X
2
or it was taught by Question-Answer Method.
3.2 Operational Definition of the Key Terms
Kategori