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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Small Group Interaction
1. The Understanding of Small Group Interaction
According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, group is a number of people or things that are together in the same place or that are
connected in some way.
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Most experts agree that Group is a number of people when it consists of more two people interacting with each other.
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Based on the statement above it can be said that group is a number of people when it consists of more two people interacting with each other,
with or without an assigned leader in such a way that each person influences, and is influenced by another person in the group. Small group
itself, according to Baker is three or more people interacting face to face, with or without an assigned leader in such a way that each person
influences, and is influenced by another person in the group.
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Johnson
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A s Hornby, Oxford Advanced learner’s Dictionary of Current English, New York, Oxford University Press: 2000 6
th
ed., page. 568
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Stewart L. Tubbs, A System Approach to Small Group Interaction New York, McGraw- Hill Companies: 2004 page. 157-166
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William Fowler, Infant and Child Care: a guide to education in group settings, New York, Allyn and Bacon Inc: 1980, page. 310
gives solution that students should be arranged so that each student can see all other members of his group and can be heard without shouting and
disturbing the other groups. Based on the statement above it can be said that small group
interaction is the process by which three or more members of a group exchange verbal and nonverbal messages in an attempt to influence one
another.
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2. The Advantages of Small Group Interaction
The use of small group is posited to have number advantages over individual practice:
a. It provides the motivational framework of the group and the economy of teaching more than one child at a time.
b. The size of small group permits: ease of control, flexible method regulation, personalized attention, and individualized programming.
c. The use of small group also provides a social framework with each child can identify and use as a guide to determine his or her action, can
use as sharing experience that makes enjoyment in playing and learning together
d. The main benefit of small group work seems to lie in the co-operative aspects it can help foster. This method can make to the development of
pupils’ social skills.
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The use of small group can increase student’s motivation because the size of the small group makes the English teacher easy to control the
members each group, small group also provides a social framework because the students can interact each other and share their experience to
solve their problems. In the other source there are many advantages of the small group:
a. Form a learner activation that is divided into five groups gets five times as many opportunities to talk as in full-class organization.
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Stewart L. Tubbs, A System Approach to Small Group Interaction New York, McGraw- Hill Companies: 2004 page. 157-166
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Daniel Muijs and David Reynolds, Effective Teaching evidence and practice, New York, Oxford University Press. 2005 P.52
b. It fosters learner responsibility and independence, can improve motivation and contribute to a feeling of cooperation and warmth in
the class. c. To make students better in reading
d. Improve learning outcomes. Stewart states the advantages of small group are:
a. Developing self-awareness b. Managing personal stress
c. Solving problems analytically and creatively d. Coaching, counselling, and establishing supportive communication
e. Gaining power and influence f. Motivating others
g. Empowering and delegating h. Managing conflict
i. Building effective teams and teamwork
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According to statements above the writer says that the use of small group has many advantages in teaching learning process because it can
motivate and develop student’s skills, especially in reading. Small group also can develop student learning outcome.
3. The Disadvantages of small group Interaction
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