Method of Data Analysis

against the Muslims that led to their removal from civil posts, restrictions on their movement, and confiscation of their property. 3 Upon achieving independence from England in 1948, Myanmar struggled with armed ethnic conflict and political instability during a prolonged period of political reformation. In 1962, a military coup produced a one-party, military state informed by socialist notions of governance —it would last for more than sixty years. During that time, the Burmese army committed numerous human rights abuses, such as killing, raping, and torturing the state’s Rohingya Muslim population. Notably, the army subjected the group to mass expulsions in 1977 and 1992, creating what has been widely viewed as a chronic refugee crisis in neighboring Bangladesh. 4 The resulting military campaign led to widespread killings, rape, and destruction of mosques and religious persecution. By 1978, more than 200,000 Rohingya had fled to Bangladesh. The Burmese authorities claimed that their flight served as proof of the Rohi ngya’s illegal status in Burma. Under the 1982 Citizenship Law, Rohingya were declared “non-national” or “foreign residents.” This law designated three categories of citizens: 1 full citizens, 2 associate citizens, and 3 naturalized citizens. None of the categories applies to the Rohingya as they are not recognized as one of the 135 “national races” by the Myanmar government. More than 700,000 3 Habib Siddiqui, “A Long History of Injustice Ignored: Rohingya: The Forgotten People of Our Time”, Islam Awareness, taken from http:www.islamawareness.netAsiaBurmaro_article003.html accessed on March 23 th 2016, at 7.03 a.m 4 Engy Abdelkader, “The Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar: Past, Present, and Future”, Oregon Review of International Law , 2014, p. 2-3. Rohingya in northern Rakhine today are effectively stateless and denied basic human rights. 5 In Arakan state, for instance, the Rohingyas have largely been discriminated against; they are denied national identity cards and they restrict the Muslims’ travel and freedom of movement. In 1982 a Citizenship Act had effectively removed citizenship from this group making them ineligible for basic social services, health and education. In early 1992 as many as 250.000 of these Burmese Muslims fled into neighboring Bangladesh, claiming that the army had been engaging in plunder, rape and massacres against them, aimed at expelling them from the country. Although the majority has returned, they still claim that they face discrimination and unequal rights; between 1996 and 1997, many of them tried to establish their case for asylum, in Bangladesh, citing the potentially fatal threat that awaited then if they returned. 6 Besides doing discriminate, the government does not recognize Rohingyas as citizens of Myanmar, which is regulated on Burma Citizen Law 1982, in article 4 stated: “The Council of State may decide whether any ethnic group is national or not ” that is one of the reasons that the Rohingyas ethnic becomes stateless. Under the military regime of General Ne Win, beginning in 1962, the Muslim residents of Arakan were wrongfully labeled illegal immigrants who had settled in Burma during the British rule. Their history and culture to their ancestral land was conveniently ignored. The Burmese central government 5 Ibid. 6 Kenneth Christie and Denny Roy, Op. Cit., p. 95-96