iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract i
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Figures viii
List of Tables xi
List of Abbreviations, Symbols, Specialized Nomenclature xii
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Backgrounds
1 1.2.
Project Overview 3
1.3. Problem Statement
3 1.4.
Objectives 4
1.5. Scopes
5
2. LITERATURES REVIEW
2.1. Vision System
6 2.1.1.
Human Vision vs Machine Vision 8
2.1.2. Machine Vision Fundamentals
11 2.1.3.
Machine Vision Components 15
2.1.3.1.Camera 16
2.1.3.2.Lighting System 17
2.1.3.3.Part Sensor 20
2.1.3.4.Frame Grabber 21
2.1.3.5.Camera Controller PC Platform 21
2.1.3.6.Inspection Software 22
2.1.3.7.Interfaced Circuits 22
2.1.4. Pixels
22 2.1.5.
Resolution 24
v 2.1.6.
Brightness Adaptation and Discrimination Contrast 25
2.2. Machine Vision System
26 2.2.1.
Machine Vision Application 28
2.3. Vision Inspection System
29 2.3.1.
Design of Vision Inspection System 29
2.3.1.1.Determine Inspection Goals 30
2.3.1.2.Estimation of the Inspection Time 31
2.3.1.3.Identification of Features or Defects 32
2.3.2. Optimizing The Performance of Vision System
33 2.3.2.1.Selection of Lighting and Material Handling Technique
33 2.3.2.2.Selection of Optics
34 2.3.2.3.Selection of Image Acquisition Hardware
35 2.3.2.4.Development of Strategy
36 2.3.2.5.Calibration and Testing Inspection Strategy
36 2.3.2.6.Development of Operator Interface GUI or HMI
37 2.4.
Inspection Quality Control Quality Assurance 37
2.4.1. Type of Inspection
39 2.5.
Pharmaceutical Industry 40
2.5.1. Vision System in Pharmaceutical Industry
41
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. Introduction
44 3.1.1.
Introduction 46
3.1.2. Literature Review
46 3.1.3.
Methodology 46
3.1.4. Result
46 3.1.5.
Discussion 47
3.1.6. Summary and Conclusions
47 3.2.
Project Design 47
3.2.1. Problem Statement
47 3.2.2.
Study and Research 48
vi 3.2.2.1.Internet
48 3.2.2.2.Books, Manuals Magazines
49 3.2.2.3.Journals Articles
49 3.2.3.
Selection Analysis Tools 49
3.2.3.1.Product Selection 49
3.2.3.2.Programming Software Selection 50
3.2.3.3.Camera Selection 53
3.2.4. Categorized Product Defect
54 3.2.5.
Design Development Inspection System 54
3.3. Project Tools Equipment
55 3.3.1.
Personal Computer 55
3.3.2. USB WebCam – CLIPTEC FLAXCAM ZW – 811
56 3.3.3.
MATLAB 7.0.4. Software 57
3.3.4. Product
58
4. DESIGN DEVELOMENT
