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2 n
x s
t t
å
=
2 2
3 n
x s
t t
å
=
2 2
To know whether the instrument is reliable or not,
o
r is compared with
t
r . Because
o
r 0,8631 is higher than
t
r 0,312, It can be concluded that the instrument is reliable. see appendix 5, page: 138
F. Technique of Analyzing the Data
After collecting the data from the experimental group and control group in the form of scores, then the writer ranks the students’ scores from the greatest to the
smallest. Then, from the ranking, the writer takes 27 of the greatest scores as a group of students with high intelligence and 27 of the smallest scores as a group
of students with low intelligence Rasyid, 2007: 247. Before testing the research hypothesis, the scores must be analyzed first to know whether they are in normal
distribution or not and the data must be analyzed whether they are homogeneous or not. Then, she calculated the scores by using Multifactor Analysis of Variance
to find out whether the difference between them is significant or not. Summary of 2 x 2 Multifactor Analysis of Variance is as follows:
Method Intelligence
Controlled group Conventional Technique
Experimental group Three Phase Technique
Sum High Intelligence
Group 1 Group 3
Low Intelligence Group 2
Group 4
commit to user 54
å å
å
- =
N X
X x
t t
t 2
2 2
Total
å
c1
X
å
c2
X
c1
X
c2
X The analyses are as follows:
a. The total sum of squares :
b. The sum of squares between groups.
c. The sum of squares within groups:
å å
å
- =
2 2
1 2
b w
x x
x d. The between-columns sum of squares:
N X
n X
n X
x
t c
c c
c bc
2 2
2 2
1 2
1 2
å å
å å
- +
=
e. The between-rows sum of squares:
N X
n X
n X
x
t r
r r
r bc
2 2
2 2
1 2
1 2
å å
å å
- +
=
f. the sum of squares interaction:
å å
å å
+ -
=
2 2
2 int
bc bc
b
x x
x x
g. The number of degrees of freedom associated with each source of variation: df for between-columns sum of squares = C-1
df for between-rows sum of squares = R-1
N X
n X
n X
n X
n X
x
b 2
1 4
2 4
3 2
3 2
2 2
1 2
1 2
å å
å å
å å
+ +
+ +
=
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df for interaction = C-1R-1 df for between-groups sum of squares = G-1
df for within-groups sum of squares =
å
= -1
n df for total sum of squares = N-1
where C = the number of columns
R = the number of rows G = the number of groups
n = the number of subjects in one group N = the number of subjects in all groups
Tuckey Test 1. Three Phase Technique compared with Conventional Technique
q =
n |
2 1
Variance Error
X X
c c
-
2. Three Phase Technique compared with Conventional Technique for the students having high intelligence
q =
n |
1 2
1 1
Variance Error
X X
r c
r c
-
3. Three Phase Technique compared with Conventional Technique for the students having low intelligence
q =
n |
2 2
2 1
Variance Error
X X
r c
r c
-
or q =
n |
2 1
2 2
Variance Error
X X
r c
r c
-
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The analysis of the result of the computation is 1 q
o
is compared with q
t
, if q
o
q
t
, the difference is significant. 2 to know which one is better, the means are compared.
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CHAPTER IV THE RESULT OF THE STUDY
This chapter discusses the result of the study. The result is divided into four di s cus s ions as fol l ows : the des cri pti on of t he dat a,
norm ali t y and homogeneity test, hypothesis test, and the discussion of the result of the study.
A. The Description of the Data
