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2. Document
In this research, the documents was taken from the result of test, reading materials, and the student’s worksheets.
3. Informant
The data were taken from interview and questionnaire. Interview was done by interviewing the respondents with the purpose of getting certain
information. The respondents were the teacher and the students. Meanwhile, questionnaire was one way of checking students’ opinion
related the subject. It was written in short answers.
E. Technique of Collecting Data
1. Qualitative Data
To collect the accurate data, the researcher used some methods as follows:
a. Observation
In this research, the observation was used to collect the data. It was a technique of collecting the data by closely watching and noticing
classroom events or happening, or interaction. In this research, the researcher made collaborative effort with collaborators.
b. Interview
The researcher interviewed the students about their personal experiences, opinions, and ideas related to the implementation of
cooperative reading groups in the classroom.
c. Questionnaire
In this part, the researcher asked the students to give their comment and opinion whether CRG technique could solve their problem in
comprehending the text or not.
d. Document
The document was collected in the form of lesson plans, reading materials, textbooks, reading test, and the student’s worksheets to know
the improvement of students in comprehending the text.
2. Quantitative Data
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To collect the quantitative data, the researcher used written tests to measure the students’ reading comprehension. The researcher also gave a
pre-test and post-test in order to know the students’ reading comprehension before and after being taught using CRG technique. It was
aimed to know whether the students’ reading comprehension improved or not. Before the researcher did the pre-test and post-test, the researcher also
did the try out in order to find the valid and reliable test items. In order to analyze the validity and reliability of test items, the researcher used
internal validity and reliability, as stated in Ngadiso 2009: 1-3: 1.
Internal validity
Notes: r
n
= the validity of each item X
i
= sum of correct answer within the row divided by sum of correct answer within column.
X
t
= the average of the total correct answer. S
t
= standard deviation or the square root of the total of the square of each deviation score divided by the number of respondents.
P
i
= the total of the correct answers divided by the number of respondents.
q
i
= the total of the incorrect answer divided by the number of respondents.
2. Internal reliability
Notes:
r
kk
= internal reliability k = the total valid item
∑pq = the sum of the multiplication of the proportion of the correct answers and in the correct answer.
St = standard deviation of the square root of the total of the squared
of each deviation score divided by the number of respondents.
r
kk
=
⎟⎟⎠ ⎞
⎜⎜⎝ ⎛
− −
∑
2
1 1
t
s pq
k k
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After the researcher got the valid and reliable test items, the researcher did the pre-test and post-test for the students.
F. Technique of Analyzing Data
