setting of place as it mentions about public space. The writer used these statements above as fundamental information to relate the studies with the
problems that are being analyzed. Those are some of related studies that the writer used to conduct this
research. For the related studies that the writer choose is mainly discussing about some important feature of the novel such as setting and the theme of the topic of
this research, how the homosexuality grows in japan and the consequence of the homosexual bear as they are alienate from the society.
B. Reviews of Related Theories
To analyze the setting in Forbidden Colors, there are some theories needed. The purpose is to know about the characteristic from the characters that
have a big influence to main character and setting, such as time and place the story sets. As
the main topic is homosexual and how the society‟s perspective about it, the theory of character and setting is needed. The theories that being used
are the theory of characterization from Abrams, theory of character from and theory of setting from Holman and Harmon.
1. Theory of Characterization
The writer is using this theory to analyze the characters in the story and how the other characters influence the main character and their behavior. This is
an explanation about theory of characterization. A broad distinction is frequently made between alternative methods for
characterizing
i.e., establishing the distinctive characters of the persons
in a narrative: showing and telling. In showing also called the dramatic method, the author simply presents the characters talking and acting and
leaves the reader to infer the motives and dispositions that lie behind what
they say and do. The author may show not only external speech and actions, but also a characters inner thoughts, feelings, and responsiveness
to events; for a highly developed mode of such inner showing, see stream of consciousness.
In telling, the author intervenes authoritatively in order to describe, and often to evaluate, the motives and dispositional qualities
of the characters Abrams, 1981: 33-34.
From the explanation above, Abrams explain that the characterization can be seen from the characters speech and action so the readers can understand the
motives and dispositions that lie behind what they say and do. The reader also can see the detail of the story not only from external speech and action but also from a
character‟s inner thought, feelings and responsiveness to events. By using this theory, the writer tries to find out how the society describe through the character‟s
action and behavior, also it can be seen from what the character is feeling and response toward homosexuality. Another theory that the writer uses is theory of
character from Barnet. In his book, he explains the way to understand the character and characterization in a wider view. The descriptions of theory of
character by Barnet contain: a. what the character says
How the character says will help the readers interpret his or her characteristic.
b. what the character does The readers or audience can learn the attitudes or behaviors of a character
and they may guess how actually the author creates the characters. c. what the other characters says about the character
A character interacts with other characters. They share their opinion and gives comments about the character. Such opinion and comments may
reflect the characteristic of the character drawn Barnet, 1988:712.
According to Barnet, he explains how one character describes through what the character says, does and other characters say about the character. The
way the author describes the character can be seen from the character or using the
society or other character to show how the character is described. 2.
Theory of Setting The use of theory of setting is not seen just from the time and place, but
also the environment and the society the story is takes a place. According to
Harmon and Holman: Setting is the Background against which action take a place. The elements
making up a setting are: 1 the geographical location, its topography, scenery, and such physical
arrangements as the location of the windows and doors in a room; 2 the occupations and daily manner of living of the characters;
3 the time or period in which the action takes place, for example, epoch in history or season of the year; and
4 the general environment of the characters, for example, religious, mental, moral, social, and emotional conditions Harmon and Holman,
1986:465. As it said above that the general environment of the characters, for
example, religious, mental, moral, social, and emotional conditions can influence the character development so the reader can understand the situation in both the
environment and society around the time that is depicted from the story. The theory of setting is used by the writer to analyze the topic of this thesis because
what the writer analyzes is about the society that represent by the other character beside the main character and it can be seen from the environment of the character
is life or from the surrounding of the character‟s life. 3.
The Relationship between Literature and Society The relationship between literature and society is given to the reader to
give the reader a further explanation regarding the topic that the writer chooses for this thesis. The writer uses the theory from Rene Wellek and Austin Warren for
this thesis as it is written below.
The relation between literature and society is that literature is an expression of society. The author conveys truth and, necessarily, also
historical and social truth. The actual relation between literature and society is the sociology of the writer and the profession and institution of
literature, the whole question of the economy basic of the literature production, the social provenance and the status of the writer, his social
ideology, which may find expression in extra-literary pronouncements and activities. Then there is the problem of the social content, the implications,
and social purpose of the works of literature themselves. Lastly, there are the problems of the audiences and the actual social influence of literature.
The question how far literature is actually determined by or dependent on its social setting and social changes and development, is one which, in one
way or another will enter into all the three divisions of our problem: the sociology of the writer, the social content of the works themselves, and the
influence of literature on society Wellek and Warren, 1956:95-96. It is written above by Wellek and warren about the relation between
literature and society. They wrote that the literature is a form of expression of the society. The author delivered the truth from the society and also from history of
the society. They also wrote that literature is influenced by the society or depend on social development is can be seen from
„the sociology of the writer, the social content of the works themselves, and the influence of literature on society.‟ Any
further explanation is written in the quotation below. Much the most common approach to the relation of literature and society
is the study of works of literature as social documents, as assumed pictures of social reality. Nor can it be doubted that some kind of social picture can
be abstracted from literature. Indeed, this has been one of the earliest uses to which literature has been put by systematic student. Used as a social
document, literature can be made to yield the outlines of social history Wellek and Warren, 1956:102-103.
It is explained in the quotation above that literature as a social document
can be made to frame the outlines of social history and can be assumed as a picture of social reality. The literature is reflection of the society and the author
has to convey the truth of society in his works as it is a picture of society in the literary forms.
D. Review of Homosexuality in Japanese Society
