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Chapter one is introduction. This chapter discusses the general background of the study, statement of the problem, scope of the study, objective of the study,
significance, and thesis organization. Chapter two is review of related literature. This chapter explains about the
theories which are used to analyze the data. The theories are about language, text, systemic functional linguistics, transitivity, non-relational processes and relational
processes, discourse, critical discourse analysis, power and ideology, Faircloughs framework for critical discourse analysis, role of media, The New York Times, The
Washington Times, and immigration reform. Chapter three is research method. This chapter involves research design, unit of
analysis, source of data, method of data collection, and method of data analysis. Chapter four is data analysis. This chapter presents the findings in transitivity
analysis and the discussion of findings regarding the newspaper ideology of The New York Times and The Washington Times.
Chapter five is conclusion. This chapter consists of conclusion and suggestion of the study after conducting the analysis.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, the researcher gives brief descriptions about language, text, systemic functional linguistics, the system of transitivity, discourse, critical discourse
analysis and its framework based on Norman Faircloughs theory. Following those, the concept of power and ideology is described. Next, the researcher describes the
role of media, The New York Times and The Washington Times. And last, related to the topic of immigration reform in both editorials, the researcher describes the
immigration reform.
2.1 Language
In our daily life, people need a medium to express their thoughts and feelings. They need a medium in order to convey messages which are on their mind. It would
be impossible to convey messages to other people without using a medium or a tool. That medium is called as language. Language is the most fundamental means of
communication. Hartmann and Stork 1973:19 state that: “Communication is the passing of information from one point to another, one of
the first basic uses of human language”. Communication requires 1 a source or ‘sender’,2 an addressee or ‘receiver’, 3 a ‘channel’ which acts as the medium
and carrier of the message, 4 made up from the inventory of a code, 5 shared by both senderencoder and receiver decoder. Communication is usually
about a particular topic 6 within a physical and social context, 7 common to the participants in the communicative situation.”
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Based on the excerpt above, it can be said that language is a form of interaction between one person to other persons. Hence, language is a medium for individual
expression to convey what is on peoples mind. It is impossible not to use language in order to say what is on our mind to other people. For example, when we are at a
restaurant and we want to order meal or a drink. After deciding what to eat or drink, we then call the waitress to place an order. When we do that, we use language in
order to get the meal or drink. The waitress then brings what we have ordered. So it means that language is always used in communication. It is our tool to interact with
other people. From this explanation, we know that language is used by all human being in order to interact with other members of speech community. Ideas and
thoughts can be deliberately communicated and expressed through this fundamental medium called as language.
Since this thesis is based on the framework by Fairclough, it is best to know the definition of language from his perspective. Fairclough 1989:22 states that language
is a form of social practice therefore it is a part of the society. If we see from his perspective about language, all linguistic phenomena are social. It means that the
society is the whole and language is a part of it. However, if language is a part of the society, it also means that language has a product. This product of language is known
as text.
