devices. Therefore, they can help the students’ problem by giving more
explanation about the cohesive devices. c.
For next researcher, this research can be used as comparison and reference in doing similar research in the future.
F. Scope of the Study
The study should be limited in order to get focus of the research. In the research, the researcher will focus on the following problem:
1. The research focuses on error analysis on the use of cohesive devices in the
students’ argumentative writing in the second year students of IKIP PGRI Semarang academic year 2011-2012
2. The research also provides the analysis of the sources of error which
contributes the students’ error in applying the cohesive devices whether it is caused by first language L1 interference or the proficiency of English as
target language L2.
G. Definition of Key Terms
1.
Cohesion refers to the linguistic elements that make a discourse semantically coherent. It enables the writer easily understand the information that is
conveyed by the writer. Therefore, it will create meaning to the reader’s mind.
While cohesive devices mean the devices that make the sentences, ideas, and details fit together clearly, readers can follow along easily, and the writing is
coherent. In Cohesion in English 1976 M.A.K Halliday and Ruqaiya Hassan identify five general categories of cohesive devices: references, conjunction,
substitution, ellipsis, and lexical cohesion.
2.
Error analysis James 1998:1 defines Error Analysis as the process of determining the
incidence, nature, causes, and consequences.
3.
Source of error There are two source of error proposed by Brown 2000:226, they are intra-
lingual and inter-lingual source of error. Inter-lingual errors are the result of mother tongue influences, whereas intra-lingual interference comes from the
target language itself.
4.
Argumentative writing refers to the type of English text type. It enables the writer to give hisher opinion and then try to convince other people that shehe
is right with hisher reasons and examples. Argumentation is one of popular kind of essay because it forces students to think on their own by giving their
opinion to support their agreement or disagreement of something.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter includes previous studies, some explanations of text and cohesion, the definition of writing, argumentative text, and the theory of error
analysis.
A. Previous Studies
