LITERATURE REVIEW THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING AND MATHEMATICAL COMMUNICATION ABILITY OF GRADE VIII SMP NEGERI 30 MEDAN.

vii Mathematical Communication 2.9. Hypothesis Action 40 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 41 3.1. Type of Research 41 3.2. Location and Time of Research 41 3.2.1 Location of Research 41 3.2.2 Time of Research 41 3.3. Subject and Object of Research 41 3.3.1. Subject of Research 41 3.3.2. Object of Research 42 3.4. Research Procedure 42 3.5. The Procedure of Research 44 3.5.1. 1 st Cycle 45 3.5.1.1. Problem I 45 3.5.1.2. Planning Action I 46 3.5.1.3. Implementation of Action I 46 3.5.1.4. Observation I 47 3.5.1.5. Data Analysis I 48 3.5.1.6. Reflection I 48 3.5.2. 2 nd Cycle 49 3.5.2.1. Planning Action II 49 3.5.2.2. Implementation of Action II 49 3.5.2.3. Observation II 50 3.5.2.4. Data Analysis II 50 3.5.2.5. Reflection II 50 3.6. Data Collection Instruments 53 3.6.1. Observation 53 3.6.2. Mathematical Problem Solving and Mathematical 53 Communication Ability Test 3.7. Data Resources 53 3.8. Research Instruments 54 3.9. Observation 54 3.9.1. Mathematical Problem Solving and Mathematical 55 Communication Ability Test 3.10. Data Analysis Techniques 55 3.11. The Process of Students Answers 56 3.12. Indicator of Success 64 viii

CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 66

4.1. Description of Research Result 66 4.1.1. 1 st Cycle 66 4.1.1.1. Problem I 66 4.1.1.1.1. Mathematical Problem Solving 66 4.1.1.1.2. Mathematical Communication 68 4.1.1.2. Action Planning I 69 4.1.1.3. Implementation of Action I 70 4.1.1.4. Observation I 71 4.1.1.5. Data Analysis I 72 4.1.1.5.1. The Results of Mathematical Problem 72 Solving and Mathematical Communication Test 1 1 st Cycle 4.1.1.5.2. Analysis of Teacher Ability to Manage 79 Learning Process 1 st Cycle 4.1.1.5.3. Analysis of Students ’ Sheet Activity 81 1 st Cycle 4.1.1.6. Reflection 1 st Cycle 83 4.1.1.7. Conclusion 1 st Cycle 85 4.1.2. 2 nd Cycle 85 4.1.2.1. Problem II 85 4.1.2.2. Action Planning II 86 4.1.2.3. Implementation of Action II 86 4.1.2.4. Observation II 87 4.1.2.5. Data Analysis II 88 4.1.2.5.1. The Results of Mathematical Problem 88 Solving and Mathematical Communication Test 2 2 nd Cycle 4.1.2.5.2. Analysis of Teacher Ability to Manage 94 Learning Process 2 nd Cycle 4.1.2.5.3. Analysis of Students ’ Sheet Activity 96 2 nd Cycle 4.1.2.5.4. Reflection 2 nd Cycle 97 4.1.2.5.5. Conclusion 2 nd Cycle 98 4.2. Discussion of Research Result 103

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 106

5.1. Conclusion

106 5.2 Suggestion 106 ix REFERENCE 108 APPENDIX 112 DOCUMENTATION OF RESEARCH 218