2. METHODS
In this research, the writer uses a qualitative research. It is library research while data sources are using literary data. It purposes to analyze the novel using
psychoanalytic perspective. Sutama 2012: 282 describes as a qualitative research studies aimed to describing and analyzing phenomena, events, social activities
naturally. The object of the study is Lucid novel directed by Adrienne Stoltz Ron
Bass. Published in Los Angeles California 2012. The method of data collection is library research, the steps are: reading the novel several time, and taking notes
from the material and some other resources related to the novel. The technique used in analyzing the data is descriptive analysis. The
researcher analyzes the data of hallucination according to American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: 4 th edition
2000: 5-8.
3. RESULT OF RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Characteristics of Split Personality In The Lucid Novel
Based on the findings of the information in the novel, it is known that multiple personality characteristics in Lucid novel is, there are two names for the
identity of one person. That person is Sloane Margaret Jameson. Sloane Margaret Jameson in the novel later introduced as Maggie and as Sloane. In addition to
introducing as Maggie and Sloane, a secondary residence of the female figures also have a different address. Maggie lived in Manhattan, New York, while
Sloane staying in Mystic, Connecticut. Another characteristic that is told is that both have different professions.
Sloane described as a high school student, and Maggie told as an artist. Sloane worked as a volunteer at an animal hospital clinic, while Maggie an artist who
lives in a big city glitz. Two personality in one person can be said split personality. The meaning of split personality is a multiple personality disorder, a
neurosis in which the personality becomes dissociated into two or more distinct part cash of which becomes dominant and controls behavior from time to time to
the exclusion of the other parts Ahlers, 2014: 214. Split, or multiple personality is a disorder in which a person has one or more alternate personalities. Each
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personality functions relatively well except that it may not be aware of the existence of other personalities, is reality-oriented, and lacks the hallucinations,
delusions, and thought disorganization characteristic of schizophrenia Wahl, 2003: 15.
Solving personality or often also called multiple personality disorder, or also known as the alter ego. Is a condition in which an individual personality split
that emerged another personality. Personality is usually an expression of the personality of the main emerging as major private cannot realize the things you
want to do. In simple terms it can be said that there is one person who has a private more than one or two of personal time. Sometimes the patient does not
know that he has a dual personality. Two individuals have in ones body also did not know each other and worse, sometimes these two conflicting personal nature.
Dual personality is formed from a sense of traumatic childhood that usually occurs between the ages of 4-6 years. As the result of previous study from
Jafari 2013 explain that The Freudian concepts unconscious and repression introduced a split in the psyche between the conscious and the unconscious infant
present and ignores the conscious and the unconscious, which houses trauma. Anggoro Kurnia 2016 in their research found that Billy is a twenty four-
years-old boy who has more than one personality in his mind; every each personality represents his feeling or accommodates his willing to facing problem
of life. He grows up in poverty and a sense in traumatic childhood, which usually occurs between ages 4-6 years. The trauma was managed by creating something
that hurts another personality for accommodating all feelings. Patients entertain her of something hurtful to create another personality for
accommodating all his feelings. Dual personality is someone trying to entertain themselves by creating another personality that can accommodate all of her
feelings. The way we know ourselves has a double personality is if we had a different behavior for different conditions or environment.
In the end, the psychologists of the 20th century refer to this phenomenon as Multiple Personality Disorder MPD. Next, when the name was deemed no
longer, this phenomenon was given a new name, Dissociative Identity Disorder DID. There are two main theories about DID. The first theory says: DID began
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as a child, as a result of physical or sexual violence are severe abuse. But since not everyone who experienced violence as a child suffering from DID, it is said
that there may be other things that are present among those who suffer from DID. Some say the ease with which people are hypnotized facilitate the formation
Alters through self-hypnosis, others say people suffering from DID because it is easy or likely to engage in fantasy.
As an adult, a person has character and personality that is strong enough to face the problems of life. However, in children who were aged under seven years
old, it has not yet appeared force so that they will look for other ways to survive against a traumatic experience, namely the dissociation. By using this way, a child
can create his conscious mind in spite of the terrible experience that happened to him. According to Colin Ross, who wrote the book The Osiris Complex 1995,
the process of dissociation in children that leads to abnormalities DID consists of two psychological processes.
Well take sexual harassment experienced by a girl. First: the victims who suffered the pain of repeatedly trying to deny the incident in his mind. Girls who
repeatedly sexually abused will try to deny this bitter experience in his mind. She imagined herself detached from the body and from traumatic experiences. He
thinks being looked at other girls who were sexually abused. Here, a different new identity began to emerge. The second process: a memory barrier between girls and
then built it with a new identity has been created. It is forming a new awareness that prevented him remember the event, but a few other personalities who
remember If sexual abuse continues, the victims will continue to dissociation even
in matters not related to the traumatic experience. If sexual abuse continues, this process will continue to repeat that again created many new identities to resolve it.
When this dissociation becomes ingrained habit, the child will continue to create new identities for things that are not related to traumatic experiences, such as
going to school or play with his friends. 3.2.
Depiction of Split Personality in the Lucid novel
Split personality in the Lucid Novel can depicted based of her friends, fashion, visited place, consumption, leisure time, way of talking, way of life, way
of behaving, and social relation, like in table below.
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Table 1. Depiction of Split Personality in Lucid Novel
Num Indicators
Specification Identity 1
Identity 2 1
Dual Identity Name Maggie
Sloan Friends
Devin Cruikshank, Andrea and Jason
Bill, Gordy Kelly, Lila and Amanda
Porcella James Water
Jade and Nicole
2 Dual
Lifestyle Fashion
She use Hervé Léger bandage dress and some
killer McQueen heels Sloane like getting jeans
and a cotton flowy top Visited Place Rose Bar
Boston Museum of Science
3 Dwelling
Place Consumption Maggie like drinking red
wine from a glass She breakfast oatmeal or
eggs chili dog
Sloane eat the whole sandwich , Pancakes
Leisure time lying on the floor of her West Village apartment,
listening to the absolute silence
She Like to take walk
4 Dual
personality Way of
talking Discussion
Dictating Discussion
Way of life Glamours like an actress Realistic
Way of behaving
She try to behaving an actress
She life of natural Social
relation Introvert
She didn’t have much of a social life
Antisocial She have a good social
relation
The main cause of split personality of Margaret Sloane Jameson is because she loss of a father figure. Her father died. The departure of this father figure to
the make Sloan lost lamented, lost people who can be believed. Sloane have lost her father, the most important person in the world to her,
the one person could trust her with her problems. The relationship of Sloane with her mother is so disconnected that shes basically a girlfriend and not even a
terribly close one. Sloane adore her sister, but she needs her and Sloane felt the weight of that responsibility. Sloane had no truly close friends except for Andrew,
who was not around when she started this. This result of research redundant Schomerus previous study, Denis
Kenzin, Julia Borsche Herbert Matschinger Matthias C. Angermeyer. The association of schizophrenia with split personality is not an ubiquitous
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phenomenon. 2007. The research, mentions that, one may psychoanalyze a particular character within a literary work, but it is usually assumed such that all
the characters are mere projections of the authors psyche. Robert Albert Bloch April 5, 1917-September 23, 1994 was an American fiction writer, primarily of
crime, horror, fantasy and science. At ten years of age, living in Maywood, he Attended a screening of Lon Chaney, Sirs film The Phantom of the Opera 1925
late at night on his own. The scene of Chaney removing his mask Terrified the young Bloch and sparked his interest in horror. This novel Psycho is one of the
first examples at full length of Blochs use of modern urban horror relying on the horrors of interior psychology rather than the supernatural, the which turned his
psychological approach literature in modern time comparatively unique. The cause of the emergence of multiple personality disorder is not known
and much debated. The debate occurs mostly between supporters of the hypothesis of double personality is a reaction to trauma with memory
processing disorder. Sleep disorders are also considered to play a role in multiple personalities. Changes in the environment also affects most patients with multiple
personalities. Research is needed to determine the prevalence of disorders in those who
have never been in therapy and prevalence rates across cultures. Issues relating to the epidemiology of multiple personality remains unresolved although there have
been studies for decades. The debate over the causes of multiple personality also extends to disagreements over how these disorders are assessed and treated.
a. Developments trauma
People who are diagnosed as having multiple personalities is often reported that they had experienced physical violence and harassment sexual,
especially in the early to middle childhood although the accuracy of this report is debated, had suffered from a serious medical illness, or other
traumatic events. Sexual trauma, physical, or psychological severe childhood has been proposed as the cause of the development of consciousness,
memories, and emotions of the event, and an alternate personality or subpersonalities shaped by memories, emotions, and behavior are different.
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Multiple personality disorder can be caused by severe stress. Post traumatic stress disorder in adults can be a multiple personality disorder when
it occurs in children, probably because they use a strong imagination to cope with the disorder. Experience extreme trauma can make of that appearance of
symptoms of multiple personality disorder or personality disorder. Lack of social support is also considered as an important component triggers multiple
personalities. Parents are advised to embrace a child who experienced the separation between the memories or experiences with consciousness.
b. Dual personalities in children
Multiple personality disorder is rarely diagnosed in children. This fact is used as a reason to doubt the veracity of multiple personality disorder.
There are no studies on the comparison of the number of children who have a split personality with the general population.
The fourth revised edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Associstion DSM-IV-TR criteria
for diagnosing multiple personality disorder diagnosis based on section 300.14 dissociative disorders. Quite difficult to diagnose this disorder, because there is
no agreement on the definition of multiple personality disorder universally. Such criteria include adults who repeatedly controlled by two or more identities or
personalities, accompanied by memory disorders will be important information that is not caused by alkohol, drugs and other medical conditions. While the
diagnostic criteria for children also determine whether the symptoms were really a disorder or simply the imagination of children. Diagnosis is usually made by a
mental health professional such as a psychiatrist or psychology through clinical evaluation, interviews with family and friends, and other considerations. Interview
about personality assessment designed specifically such as the SCID-D can also be used in the evaluation.
Multiple personality disorder is now more usually called dissociative identity disorder. It is one of the more misunderstood mental illness, often
capturing the interest of writers and filmmakers, who tend to describe in its most exaggerated form. What is most important to understand is that multiple
personality disorder is not schizophrenia. Both are often confused. However, in very rare cases, personality, or change, as it is sometimes called, Schizophrenic.
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Multiple personality disorder is almost always caused by trauma, or past trauma such as early childhood sexual or physical abuse. When trauma occurs
during a long period of time, the affected person may begin to cope with completely disconnecting from the event that caused the trauma. This can lead to
alter personality that separate the same people are well aware, or not aware of the abuse. Alter can be like a little kid, strong, male, or female, and often appears
as a deterrent. Psychiatrists make the difference between people who have some
personality, and believe they have some personality. In general, multiple personality disorder is the belief on the part of the patient that several personalities
seem to have in themselves. One of the main characteristics of multiple personality disorder is that
people seem lost time. They do not seem to realize that time has passed; but someone observing them may see them acting in different ways. But the victims,
tend not to know what had happened. The central public personality seems the most likely to separate if the person is faced with a situation that can evoke a
previous trauma, or if the person is still entangled in a traumatic situation. Other symptoms of multiple personality disorder, including depression,
confusion, suicidal thoughts, phobias, different levels of ability to function normally, anxiety, and the treatment itself, such as alcoholism or drug abuse. In
addition, people with multiple personality disorder can harm themselves, have a high degree of panic or panic attacks, have eating disorders or are prone to
headaches. As depicted in the novel, multiple personality disorder seems to always
consist of a number of very different personalities, which is not always the case in reality. Conversely, people with multiple personality disorder may pass from
greater awareness less, without putting on a different accent or assuming a completely separate identity, though some who have different personalities.
Multiple personality disorder that produces crime, as presented in several television series and with great effect in the Richard Gere movie Primal Fear
rarely exists.
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The main treatment for multiple personality disorder is therapy, which may include play therapy, hypnosis, art therapy, and or speech therapy.
Medication is usually not preferred because of the possibility of an overdose, and because the dissociative state is not chemically. The goal is to get alters in
communication with one another, so that the person does not continue to separate from reality. A secondary objective is to ensure the person is removed from the
ongoing traumatic situations, such as removing a child from a rough home. When a person has a different personality reintegration, may still need
treatment, possibly drug therapy to treat the underlying psychological conditions such as chronic depression or schizophrenia. However, while people are still lost
time, drug therapy may be totally ineffective because people may not remember to take the medication or may accidentally overdose.
Treatment is usually a long process, especially when a person has suffered repeated trauma. It can take several years for patients to start feeling awake at all
times, actions and thoughts. However, clinical studies have shown that treatment for multiple personality disorder effective, if these therapies continue to be
pursued. a.
Differential diagnosis of multiple personality People diagnosed with multiple personality have an average of five to
seven comorbid disorders. Because of overlapping symptoms, differential diagnoses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, personality
disorders restrictions, and Aspergers syndrome. Delusions or auditory hallucinations are often misunderstood as an expression of a different
personality. Consistency identity or behavior, amnesia, hipnotisabilitas level, and reports from family members can distinguish between multiple
personality with other conditions. Distinguishing DID with the pretense of particular concern when a person is experiencing financial or legal problems.
Although the general auditory hallucinations experienced by people who have a split personality, complex visual hallucinations may also occur. But unlike
with schizophrenia, people with multiple personality received all the hallucinations of voices in his head, while the schizophrenics receive from the
outside.
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Dual personality to be distinguished or determined if it has co morbidity with various disorders including mood disorders mood, madness,
anxiety disorders, post traumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, cognitive disorders, neurological disorders, epilepsy, etc.
b. Diagnosis of multiple personality controversy
Dual personality is the dissociative disorders the most controversial and most controversial disorder in DSM-IV-TR. The main debate took place
between those who believe that multiple personality disorder is caused by the stress of traumatic force the mind to split into more than one identity which
each consist of a series of memory with those who believe that the symptoms of multiple personality are formed artificially by a particular practice or
patient felt he had multiple personalities. Some psychiatrists believe that the multiple personalities appear
because of health problems. There are also saying that multiple personalities are just suggestions from others. Treatment of multiple personalities is not
possible because based on anecdotal cases, opinions, and other things that are not related to scientific matters.
3.3. The reason Adrienne Stoltz Ron Bass address the split personality Lucid
Novel
In a Lucid novel, found no reason Adrienne Stoltz Ron Bass displays the story of multiple personalities. It is not even mentioned also the settlement of
the disease multiples Sloane’s. Adrienne Stoltz quotes in website said: “Its hard to tell the difference between how we want someone to feel
about us and how we actually feel about them. If the person is attractive, we always want them to want us, and sometimes we get so busy trying to
make that happen, we forget to keep track of whether we actually want them or not. Plus, we always want what were afraid we cant get.”
https:www.goodreads.comauthorquotes5287305.Adrienne_Stoltz In the quote above, Adrienne Stoltz just said its hard to tell the difference
between how a person perceives to be us and how we feel to be someone else. So, Adrienne Stoltz Ron Bass does not tell specifically how do the writer address
the split personality in the Lucid novel. The author intends for the reader to feel overview the emotions and mind struggle of Sloane and Maggie were unable to
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find a way out to one another clash, buried dream inside Sloane and Maggie being able to switched places in order to avoid things that are not fun throughout their
lives. Reasons writes about the behavior of multiple personality disorder, in the
novel Lucid, no exist in the narrative novel. Posts dual behavior as outlined in the novel, can only come from a growing phenomenon in society. Adrienne Stoltz
Ron Bass try to share the phenomenon of split personalities as a way to remind the reader that there are split personalities. Readers need to know the
characteristics of split personality disorder and can be used as a criterion of personal character to evaluation. This is due to the behavior of multiple
personality that often occurs outside the individual consciousness itself.
In previous study from Al-Khazaali 2016 explain that the meaning of the
double and to trace the germination and the development of this term and its use in world Literature in general and English Literature in particular, also tries to
shed light on the doppelganger double as a term its effect upon the novelists and then, to focus upon the idea of duality or as it called later on split-personality due
to the theories of Sigmund Freud. Using the double as a technique in modern novels is very significance. It shows the importance of psychology in literature by
using the unconscious mind of the main characters. In this respect, It is worth mentioning that Conrad in Heart of Darkness has used the mirror-image, which
is one type of the double. Whereas in The Secret Sharer, he depicts the second type of double, that is, double-by-duplication. In both novels, the double or alter
ego plays a positive role in the lives of the protagonists. With Virginia Woolf, the case is different, simply because she has adopted the third type of double: split
personality. Using the technique of the stream of consciousness, Lucid novel is a highly psychological novel. Freuds influence is more obvious in Lucid novel. In
spite of the fact that both writers have used their personal experience to depict the theme of the double.
4. CONCLUSSION
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