Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense

15 Affirmative : I had been working Negative : I had not been working Interrogative : Had I been working?

3. The Function of Past Tense

A. Simple past tense

Simple past tense is one of past tense forms. Simple past tense is a tense that indicate some event or activity began and ended at a particular time in the past. There are some functions of simple past tense: 25 1. One event completed in the past. e.g. : - I saw a good film last night - I came here yesterday 2. Repeated events completed in the past and no longer happening. e.g. : - I always went to the zoo with my parents when I was child - When I was young, I went swimming everyday To express the habit that happened in the past, usually some writers use a words such as usually, always, never, every day. 26 3. Duration of an event completed in the past. e.g. : - They lived in Jakarta for ten years - Qomi studied English when he was in New York

B. Past Continuous Tense

The second form of past tense is past continuous tense. Past continuous tense is a tense that indicate some activity that had not finish yet in the past. There are some functions of past continuous tense: 27 25 Frank, op. cit., 73. 26 Silvester Goridus Sukur, Panduan Penggunaan Tenses Dalam Berkomunikasi, Yogyakarta: Indonesiatera, 2007 p. 61. 27 Suryadi Junaida, Complete English Grammar, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2007, pp. 417--419. 16 1. To declare some activity that still continuing in the particular time. 28 e.g. : - I was studying last night - Azka was playing b adminton at seven o‘clock yesterday morning 2. Used to declare some events or activities that still continuing in the past while another activities or events happened or while two activities happened in the past. e.g. : - I was sleeping when you phoned me last night - Isnha arrived while I was cooking dinner 3. Used when some activities was happening in the past. e.g. : - I was studying while Evni was singing - You were singing while Lia was swimming

C. Past Perfect Tense

Another form of past tense is past perfect tense. Past perfect tense is a tense that indicate some activity ended in the past or to show about two past actions that one past action happened before the other began. There are some functions of past perfect tense: 29 1. Used to declare some activity that happened before other activities. e.g. : - She had eaten when we came - I had known Ratna before I knew Icha Past perfect tense should be used when some past activities happened before other activities. 2. Used to declare some activities that begin in the past and still continuing in the particular time in the past, or just already ended in the past. e.g. : - I had waited you for an hour when the bus came - Salamah had study since seven o‘clock last night when her mother brought her a dinner 3. Used to answer some questions in the past form. e.g. : - How did she know his name? She had meet him. - How did you know the story of the film? I had seen it before. 28 Sukur, op. cit, p. 69. 29 Suryadi Junaida, op.cit., pp. 423--425. 17 4. Used when some events or activities should tell the time order clearly. If the order is should not tell clearly, the past perfect is should not be used but used a simple past form. e.g. : - She finished cooking before her husband came.

D. Past Perfect Continuous Tense