Review of Related Studies
Characterization is an important element in almost every work of fiction, whether it is short story, a novel, or anywhere in between. When it comes to
characterization, a writer has two options 1. Direct characterization : the writer makes direct statement about characters
personality and tells what the character is like. 2. Indirect characterization: the writer reveals information about character and his
personality trough the characters thoughts, words, and actions, along with how other characters respond to that character, including what they think and say
about him. Characterization is the depicting of clear images of person Edward, 1968:33.
It really does not matter who or what the characters are, so long as we can identify ourselves with them. We may read of the behavior of a pair of mice: how they life,
where they life, what they ate, etc. such writing may be interesting and informative from a scientific point of view, but it will be not literature.
According to Forster, there are two types of characters, “flat” and “round” character.“Flat” characters are caricatures or types that embody only a single idea or
quality. Furthermore, they do not display any development in the course of the narrative. “Round characters,” on the other hand, are complex characters who have
more than one quality trait and who show signs of development Forster, 1927 in Hunt : 2.
Kokemuller 2017 stated that characters in a story are either dynamic or static. A static character is one who doesnt undergo any significant change in
character, personality or perspective over the course of astory. Essentially, a static character is largely the same person at the end of the story as he was in the beginning.
A dynamic character, in contrast, undergoes a major transition in one or more of these ways. Dynamic character might go through a major life transition, have a coming-of-
age experience, pull through trials and tribulations, mature, have a change of heart or develop more likeable qualities -- or take a turn for the worse. In fact, the term
dynamic doesnt define the characters qualities, but rather refers to how those qualities change over time.