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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the theoretical description and theoretical framework of the research. The theoretical description provides some theories and concepts
used as the foundation of this research. Meanwhile, the theoretical framework presents the relationship between the basic theories used in this research and how
those theories support the research.
A. Theoretical Description
In this section, the researcher discusses the theories that support this research. There are two main points explained in this section. Firstly, the
researcher describes the theories of reflection that cover the nature of reflection and reflection process. Secondly, the researcher presents the theory of self-
awareness. However, in the beginning of this part, the researcher also discusses some related studies which are related to this research.
1. Review of related research
The research which is conducted by Ong 2004, shows that reflection
helps students in their learning. She conducted a qualitative research in which students of Republic Polytechnic became the participants.
She chose 10 students’ journal randomly from different modules and discipline background and
examined the journals. The result showed that students proved an enhancement in
8 their self-awareness. Thus, she describes that reflection has an important role in
students learning since it relates the new learning material and prior knowledge and enhances self-awareness.
Furthermore, Jensen 2009 conducted similar research in using reflective journal to improve students’ self-awareness. The research was conducted in
Aalborg University Denmark. The participants of this research were foreign students. In connecting students’ experiences toward the subject, the students
were demanded to make a personal portfolio in a form of reflective journal where they could reflect their experiences on the subject. In the research, Jensen
examined students’ reflective journal and found that most of the students are aware of what they have learned and 60 of the students showed improvement in
their learning capability. Next, previous research done by Walker as cited in Boud et al. 1985
approves that reflection in written form helped people who would be exercising leadership to raise their level of awareness. Therefore, they became more aware in
recognizing situation which might lead them to deeper insights. In addition, Gibson 2012 in his journal entitled Reflect-select-defend: A model for student
teacher reflection, he finds that the highest learning gain is in awareness include strengths, weaknesses, and priorities for future development. The awareness of
understanding feeling in a learning situation can be the basis of reflection. It might lead to a deeper appreciation of the learning process and of the learners way of
experiencing.
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