Theoretical Framework THEORETICAL REVIEW

C. Method of The Study

The study is done through reading and analyzing the main source, which is the novel itself. The writer applies a library research because all materials or sources that used are taken from the library, not through questionnaire or laboratory research. There are two important sources used in this study; the primary source and the secondary source. The primary source is the novel itself that is Roxana or The Fortunate Mistress , which is written by Daniel Defoe. The secondary sources are the theories that are needed from the books and other references, including the internet. Books that are related to the theory of character, characteristic, also the theory of feminism. However, the writer admitted that it is still need to take other references such as articles from internet by accessing some relevant articles. The writer gets more information about the author, the socio-cultural historical events in 1800s in England, the women position and movement in the Victorian era to support the analysis of the topic, and some criticism about the novel itself. There were four steps that the writer did to make the analysis. The first step was reading the whole story for several times. It was done in order to make the writer has deep understanding of the story. The second step was reading some books or papers related to the study from the library. Books like A Glossary of Literary Terms by Abrams, An Introduction to Fiction by Robert Stanton, A Handbook to Literature by Hugh Holman and William Harmon, Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry English Novel for Overseas Students by M. J. Murphy wereused for this study. Other than library research, internet research was also useful to find some more information about the review of related studies. The third step was trying to apply the theory on the analysis. The writer tried to give the answer toward the problem formulations. The first was to analyze the characteristics of the main character in the story. In this part, the writer applied the theory about understanding a character based on the char acter’s traits. The writer took from books about theories on character and characterization. Then, the second was to find the description women’s lives in England in 1800s. This part was to find facts from history about the social condition, history of England, and the meaning of hardship for woman based on their experience. The third was to analyze the relation between the abilities found in Roxana’ characteristics and the historical facts about women who struggled to deal with several hardships and the meaning of hardship in their lives. After the writer collected the primary data and secondary data, the writer tried to answer the problem formulation with all the data that had been collected. 24

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS

In this chapter, the writer discusses about the problems formulation stated in previous chapter. The writer will analyze only on the main character, Roxana. The first part of this chapter presents the characteristic of Roxana. The second part will present the social condition of women in England in the 1800s century. The th ird part shows the characteristics of Roxana and the description of women‟s hardships in the 1800s century.

A. The Characteristics of Roxana

The following analysis gives a picture of women in England through the dialogue and the action done by the character which is endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities. In analyzing Roxana‟s characteristics, the writer applies the theory of characterization of Abrams which is quoted as follows. Characters are the person in a dramatic or narrative work, who is interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are expressed in what they say: the dialogue, and by what they do: the action 1993: 23. In this novel, Defoe presents the characteristics of Roxana through her behaviour and action in the novel. The writer tries to understand the characters in the story by the dialogue of the characters in the play. The dialogue in the story can reveal the behaviour and the action to the character itself.