Simple Past Past Continuous Formula:

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4. Present Perfect Continuous

Formula: The present perfect continuous represents activities beginning in the past into the future. - George has been working here for three years. - They have been studying English in America since last year. - I have been waiting for you for over an hour. Note: Present Perfect Tense and Present Perfect Continuous Tense have the same characteristics. The difference is that in Present Perfect Tense, the activity has already been completed while in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense, the activity has not been completed. It is still going on.

B. PAST

1. Simple Past

Formula: The simple past is used to talk about activities which began and ended in the past time. In some of its special uses, however, it is not restricted to denoting past activities. It can represent:  Activities which began and ended in the past timepast actual. - I typed a letter yesterday. - I met a beautiful girl last Sunday. - The teacher taught English very seriously last week. - Robert was in Surabaya last year. - We felt happy when you came.  Adverbs which are usually used are yesterday, last nightFridayweekmonthyear, just now, the day before yesterday, etc. S + V 2 S + has have + been + V ing 60  General truths. - America was discovered by Columbus. - Bung Karno, the first president of the Republic Indonesia, passed away in 1970. - R. Ng. Ronggowarsito, the Javanese man of letters, died in 1873.  Habits in the past. - I usually went to the beach in the afternoon when I was a child. - When I was a child, my grandma often gave me pocket money. - My friend and I usually played football during the break time when we were in elementary school. - The president used to be a student when heshe was young.  Events in a story. When I was in the third grade of junior high school, I usually went to school very early in the morning. I entered the teacher room and then I directly switched the organ on. I learned to play the organ. I felt happy at that time because I had a chance to learn. However, one of the teachers asked me why I played the organ every morning and he got angry with me. He said that he was afraid that the organ would be broken if I used it every day. I was disappointed because of the fact.  Activities as occurring at present or at some future time subjunctive - If I were you, I would buy a luxurious car. - Had my father given me a lot of money, I would have a new house built. - I would give her a ring if she came earlier.

2. Past Continuous Formula:

The past continuous is used to express activities which were going on in the past or in progress in the past. - I was studying English when Ann came. - Carol was taking a bath when the bell rang.  Adverbs which are usually used are all ─ day, at ─ five o’clock, last ─ Sunday, then, that moment. S + was were + V ing 61

3. Past Perfect