vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Declaration i
Approval ii
Abstract iii
Abstrak iv
Dedications v
Acknowledgement vi
Table of Content vii
List of Figure xi
List of Table xiii
List of Abbreviations xiv
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1 1.2
Project Background 3
1.3 Problem Statement
3 1.4
Objectives 4
1.5 Scope of Project
4 1.6
Expected Result 4
1.7 Summary
5 2.0
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
6 2.2
Productivity Improvement 6
2.3 Quality Control Techniques
7 2.4
Work Study 14
2.5 Introduction to Work Methods and Time Study
16 2.6
Process Flow Chart 20
2.7 Work Measurement
22
viii 2.8
Techniques of Work Measurement 24
2.9 Element Breakdown
24 2.10
Determining the Rating Factor 25
2.10.1 Systems of Rating
25 2.11
Allowances 29
2.12 Standard Time
32 2.13
Estimating the Number of Observations to Make 32
2.14 Principles of Motion Economy
35 2.15
Use of the Human Body 35
2.16 JIT
39 2.17
Bill of Material 41
2.18 Simulation
41 2.18.1
Advantages of Simulation 42
2.18.2 Types of Simulation
42 2.19.2.1 Arena
42 2.19.2.2 ProModel
44 2.19.2.3 eM-Plant
44 2.19
Summary 3.0
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
45 3.1.1 Project Selection
46 3.1.2 Discussion
46 3.2
Project Methodology 47
3.3 Overview of Methodology
49 3.3.1 Identify the problem
49 3.3.1.1 Stopwatch Time Study
49 3.3.1.2 Time Study Procedure
49 3.3.2 Investigate or Analyze the Problem
50 3.3.3 Perform Simulation
50 3.3.4 Analysis
50
ix 3.4
Simulation 51
3.4.1 Simulation Procedure 51
3.5 Summary
53
CHAPTER 4.0: RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
54 4.1.1 Parts in Table Top Fan
55 4.2
Assembly Process Flowchart 56
4.2.1 Bill of Material BOM 57
4.3 Work Study Before Improvement
59 4.3.1 Standard Operation System
62 4.4
Arena Flowchart 63
4.4.1 Simulation Flowchart 64
4.4.2 Simulation Current Condition 65
4.4.2.1 Operational Graph Time 66
4.4.2.2 Total Number Seized Output 67
4.5 Work Study After Improvement
68 4.5.1 Simulation after Improvement After Running
69 4.5.1.1 Operational Graph Time
70 4.5.1.2 Total Number Seized Output
71 4.6
Calculation of Productivity for Assembly Process 72
4.6.1 Operators’ Factor
74 4.6.2 Standard Operation Procedures
75 4.6.3 Minimize the Waste in the Process
76 4.7
Summary 78
x
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
