SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S MOLL FLANDERS (1722) A MARXIST APPROACH Social Mobility In Daniel Defoe’s Moll Flanders (1722): A Marxist Approach.
SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S MOLL FLANDERS (1722)
A MARXIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Arranged by:
PREHATIN AFRELIA
A320120191
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
MOTTO
Rely our lives only upon the Almighty God (The Most Gracious, The Most
Compassionate and The Most Merciful).
If we slow down everything last longer. (Paulo Coelho)
v
DEDICATION
I dedicate my work to all people who love me so much and have special
position in my life as a present from God to give me much amazing life.
vi
ABSTRAK
Prehatin Afrelia. A320120191. SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S
MOLL FLANDERS (1722): A MARXIST APPROACH. Research Paper.
School of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta. 2016
Penelitian ini membahas tentang mobilitas sosial dalam Moll Flanders (1722)
oleh Daniel Defoe yang mana dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Marxist yang
di kemukakan oleh Karl Marx. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah antara lain untuk
mengetahui indikator-indikator dari mobilitas sosial suatu individu didalam
masyarakat, pendiskripsian-pendiskripsian bagaimana proses mobilitas sosial di
dalam masyarakat, dan pertimbangan penulis terhadap keberadaan mobilitas
sosial. Penelitian ini dikategorikan ke dalam penelitian kualitatif. Data primer
dari penelitian ini adalah novel Moll Flanders (1722) oleh Daniel Defoe dan
biografi pengarang. Data sekunder dari penelitian ini berupa referensi-referensi
yang di ambil dari buku-buku teori, situs-situs web dan sumber lain yang
berkaitan dengan isu mobilitas sosial. Ada tiga kesimpulan yang dapat di tarik
dari penelitian ini. Pertama, ada tiga indikator didalam proses mobilitas sosial
yaitu pencapain pendidikan, jenis-jenis pendapatan dan jumlah aset atau
kekayaan. Kedua, proses mobilitas sosoial digambarkan melalui empat tahap
yaitu menjadi pembantu, penyalahgunaan pernikahan, menjadi pencuri, dan
menjadi pemilik perkebunan. Ketiga, pertimbangan Daniel Defoe terhadap isu
mobilitas sosial yaitu ingin mengungkapkan kepada pembaca tentang keberadaan
pencapaian kaum borjuis wanita dalam masyarakat kapitalis.
Kata kunci: mobilitas sosial, Moll Flanders, Borjuis, Proletar, Marxisme
vii
ABSTRACT
Prehatin Afrelia. A320120191. SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S
MOLL FLANDERS (1722): A MARXIST APPROACH. Skripsi. Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyh Surakarta. 2016
This study is about social mobility in Moll Flanders (1722) by Daniel Defoe. It is
analyzed by using Marxist approach which is proposed by Karl Marx. The
objectives of this study are to find out the indicators of individual’s social
mobility in society, the depictions of the process of social mobility in society, and
the author concern towards the existence of social mobility. This research is
categorized into qualitative research. The primary data of this study is Moll
Flanders (1722) by Daniel Defoe and the biography of the author. The secondary
data of this study is taken from, literary books, websites and the other sources that
related to the issue of social mobility. There are three conclusions which can be
drawn from this study. Firstly, there are three indicators that indicate social
mobility; education attainment, the parts of income, and wealth. Secondly, the
process of social mobility is depicted into four steps; being a servant, marriage
misuse, being a thief, and being the plantation owner. Thirdly, Daniel Defoe
concern toward social mobility issue is that he wants to reveal the existence of
achievement of bourgeoisie woman in capitalist society.
Keywords: social mobility, Moll Flanders, Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, Marxism
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to His
blessings given to the researcher, so she can completed her research paper entitled
SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S MOLL FLANDERS (1722): A
MARXIST APPROACH .Many people helped the researcher in doing this
research. The researcher would like to give the deepest appreciation and gratitude
to them in the following list:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School of Teacher
Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., the Chief of Department of English
Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi. M.S., the first consultant who has supported and gave the
researcher guidance patiently to do this research by giving the best advice
and suggestions, so the researcher can enrich her knowledge about
literature.
4. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd., M.Pd., the second consultant who has patiently
corrected the researcher’s writings and given her many wise suggestions
and advice.
5. Dr. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd., M.Hum., the academic consultant who has given
guidance to the researcher during her study in Muhammadiyah University
of Surakarta
6. All lecturers of Department of English Education who have become such
great educators and for giving precious knowledge to the researcher.
7. My beloved parents, Mr. Gatot Suseno and Mrs. Dwi Wahyuningsih ,Mrs.
Etik Supiati who have loved, raised and supported the researcher as
always. Without them, the researcher is nothing.
8. My beloved sister and brother, Kurniawan Aji and Melati Kusuma, who
always shares and gives lots of precious motivation, love, and support.
ix
9. All the close friends, Ajeng Sito Larasati, Atik Choirun Nissa, Intan
Permatasari, Marselina Nugraheni, Nanik Widiyanti, Aulia Nurishma,
Tunjung Biru, Anam, Ichal, Ali Sofyan, Rifki, Dedik, who have cheered
up the researcher during her hard times in completing this research and
always been there when the researcher needs them.
10. The Decade team, who has given the best performance and the other
precious moments during drama.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE..................................................................................................
i
TESTIMONY..................................................................................................
ii
APPROVAL....................................................................................................
iii
ACCEPTANCE...............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO...........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION................................................................................................
vi
ABSTRAK.......................................................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT.................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study..........................................................
1
B. Problem Statement....................................................................
5
C. Objectives of the Study.............................................................
5
E. Benefit of the Study...................................................................
5
F. Research Paper Organization.....................................................
6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................
7
A. Underlying Theory....................................................................
7
1. Notion of Marxist Theory..................................................................
7
2. Major Principle of Marxist Theory..........................................
9
3. Notion of Social Mobility..................................................................
11
4. Social Mobility Indicators...........................................................14
B. Previous Study...........................................................................
15
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD.......................................................
18
A. Type of the Study......................................................................
18
B. Object of the Study.....................................................................
19
C. Type of the Data and the Data source............................................ 19
D. Technique of Data Collection............................................................
19
xi
E. Technique of Data Analysis........................................................
20
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION............................................ 21
A. Main Finding.............................................................................
21
1. Indicators of Social Mobility.................................................
21
2. The Depiction of Social Mobility.............................................................................
38
3. Defoe’s Concern in Social Mobility...................................................
45
B. Discussion.........................................................................................47
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION........................................................................
51
A. Conclusion.................................................................................
51
B. Suggestion..................................................................................
53
C. Pedagogical Implication............................................................
53
54
BIBLIOGRAPHY
xii
A MARXIST APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Arranged by:
PREHATIN AFRELIA
A320120191
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
MOTTO
Rely our lives only upon the Almighty God (The Most Gracious, The Most
Compassionate and The Most Merciful).
If we slow down everything last longer. (Paulo Coelho)
v
DEDICATION
I dedicate my work to all people who love me so much and have special
position in my life as a present from God to give me much amazing life.
vi
ABSTRAK
Prehatin Afrelia. A320120191. SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S
MOLL FLANDERS (1722): A MARXIST APPROACH. Research Paper.
School of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta. 2016
Penelitian ini membahas tentang mobilitas sosial dalam Moll Flanders (1722)
oleh Daniel Defoe yang mana dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Marxist yang
di kemukakan oleh Karl Marx. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah antara lain untuk
mengetahui indikator-indikator dari mobilitas sosial suatu individu didalam
masyarakat, pendiskripsian-pendiskripsian bagaimana proses mobilitas sosial di
dalam masyarakat, dan pertimbangan penulis terhadap keberadaan mobilitas
sosial. Penelitian ini dikategorikan ke dalam penelitian kualitatif. Data primer
dari penelitian ini adalah novel Moll Flanders (1722) oleh Daniel Defoe dan
biografi pengarang. Data sekunder dari penelitian ini berupa referensi-referensi
yang di ambil dari buku-buku teori, situs-situs web dan sumber lain yang
berkaitan dengan isu mobilitas sosial. Ada tiga kesimpulan yang dapat di tarik
dari penelitian ini. Pertama, ada tiga indikator didalam proses mobilitas sosial
yaitu pencapain pendidikan, jenis-jenis pendapatan dan jumlah aset atau
kekayaan. Kedua, proses mobilitas sosoial digambarkan melalui empat tahap
yaitu menjadi pembantu, penyalahgunaan pernikahan, menjadi pencuri, dan
menjadi pemilik perkebunan. Ketiga, pertimbangan Daniel Defoe terhadap isu
mobilitas sosial yaitu ingin mengungkapkan kepada pembaca tentang keberadaan
pencapaian kaum borjuis wanita dalam masyarakat kapitalis.
Kata kunci: mobilitas sosial, Moll Flanders, Borjuis, Proletar, Marxisme
vii
ABSTRACT
Prehatin Afrelia. A320120191. SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S
MOLL FLANDERS (1722): A MARXIST APPROACH. Skripsi. Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyh Surakarta. 2016
This study is about social mobility in Moll Flanders (1722) by Daniel Defoe. It is
analyzed by using Marxist approach which is proposed by Karl Marx. The
objectives of this study are to find out the indicators of individual’s social
mobility in society, the depictions of the process of social mobility in society, and
the author concern towards the existence of social mobility. This research is
categorized into qualitative research. The primary data of this study is Moll
Flanders (1722) by Daniel Defoe and the biography of the author. The secondary
data of this study is taken from, literary books, websites and the other sources that
related to the issue of social mobility. There are three conclusions which can be
drawn from this study. Firstly, there are three indicators that indicate social
mobility; education attainment, the parts of income, and wealth. Secondly, the
process of social mobility is depicted into four steps; being a servant, marriage
misuse, being a thief, and being the plantation owner. Thirdly, Daniel Defoe
concern toward social mobility issue is that he wants to reveal the existence of
achievement of bourgeoisie woman in capitalist society.
Keywords: social mobility, Moll Flanders, Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, Marxism
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to His
blessings given to the researcher, so she can completed her research paper entitled
SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S MOLL FLANDERS (1722): A
MARXIST APPROACH .Many people helped the researcher in doing this
research. The researcher would like to give the deepest appreciation and gratitude
to them in the following list:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School of Teacher
Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., the Chief of Department of English
Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
3. Dr. M. Thoyibi. M.S., the first consultant who has supported and gave the
researcher guidance patiently to do this research by giving the best advice
and suggestions, so the researcher can enrich her knowledge about
literature.
4. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd., M.Pd., the second consultant who has patiently
corrected the researcher’s writings and given her many wise suggestions
and advice.
5. Dr. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd., M.Hum., the academic consultant who has given
guidance to the researcher during her study in Muhammadiyah University
of Surakarta
6. All lecturers of Department of English Education who have become such
great educators and for giving precious knowledge to the researcher.
7. My beloved parents, Mr. Gatot Suseno and Mrs. Dwi Wahyuningsih ,Mrs.
Etik Supiati who have loved, raised and supported the researcher as
always. Without them, the researcher is nothing.
8. My beloved sister and brother, Kurniawan Aji and Melati Kusuma, who
always shares and gives lots of precious motivation, love, and support.
ix
9. All the close friends, Ajeng Sito Larasati, Atik Choirun Nissa, Intan
Permatasari, Marselina Nugraheni, Nanik Widiyanti, Aulia Nurishma,
Tunjung Biru, Anam, Ichal, Ali Sofyan, Rifki, Dedik, who have cheered
up the researcher during her hard times in completing this research and
always been there when the researcher needs them.
10. The Decade team, who has given the best performance and the other
precious moments during drama.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE..................................................................................................
i
TESTIMONY..................................................................................................
ii
APPROVAL....................................................................................................
iii
ACCEPTANCE...............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO...........................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION................................................................................................
vi
ABSTRAK.......................................................................................................
vii
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT.................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study..........................................................
1
B. Problem Statement....................................................................
5
C. Objectives of the Study.............................................................
5
E. Benefit of the Study...................................................................
5
F. Research Paper Organization.....................................................
6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................
7
A. Underlying Theory....................................................................
7
1. Notion of Marxist Theory..................................................................
7
2. Major Principle of Marxist Theory..........................................
9
3. Notion of Social Mobility..................................................................
11
4. Social Mobility Indicators...........................................................14
B. Previous Study...........................................................................
15
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD.......................................................
18
A. Type of the Study......................................................................
18
B. Object of the Study.....................................................................
19
C. Type of the Data and the Data source............................................ 19
D. Technique of Data Collection............................................................
19
xi
E. Technique of Data Analysis........................................................
20
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION............................................ 21
A. Main Finding.............................................................................
21
1. Indicators of Social Mobility.................................................
21
2. The Depiction of Social Mobility.............................................................................
38
3. Defoe’s Concern in Social Mobility...................................................
45
B. Discussion.........................................................................................47
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION........................................................................
51
A. Conclusion.................................................................................
51
B. Suggestion..................................................................................
53
C. Pedagogical Implication............................................................
53
54
BIBLIOGRAPHY
xii