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1. Writing
Hedge 2000 sees writing as a process of thinking and discovery; it is the result of employing strategies to manage the composing process, which is one of
gradually developing a text. It will involve several activities which lead the learners to developing their idea in written form. The teacher should be able to
organize and select appropriate activities in order to help the students to improve their writing ability. Nunan 1989 states that writing is an activity in which the
learner should be able to structure and integrate information into cohesive and coherent paragraphs and texts. Learners will be expected to organize the
information they have obtained during the learning process and integrate it into a written form.
2. Narrative Text
According to Polkinghorne 1988, as cited by Kristiani 2012, ‖Narrative
text is the fundamental scheme for linking individual human actions and events into interrelated aspects of an understandable composite‖ p.7.Derewianka 1990
states that a narrative text is a recount with a twist. It aims to entertain, to gain and hold the reader‘s interest in a story p.40. It also seeks to teach or inform, to
embody the writer‘s reflections on experience, and – perhaps most important-to nourish and extend the reader‘s imagination.
3. Classroom Action Research
The development in the education field nowadays distributes dynamic problems in a classroom of language teaching. Each class has different problems
and teachers should understand the root of the problems. In order to improve the
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quality of the learning process in teaching the students, the teachers are expected to do a research. Classroom action research is way for the teachers to find the
problem and solve it in the learning process. McNiff and Whitehead 2002 states that act
ion research is a name given to a particular way of researching someone‘s
learning p. 15. It involves several things to do like gathering the data, generating
evidence from the data and making claims to knowledge from validated evidence p. 16. Burns 2009 agrees that the central idea of the action part of action
research is to intervene in a deliberate way in the problematic situation in order to bring changes and, even better, improvements in practice p.3. It means that by
conducting a classroom action research, the researcher is expected to learn and solve the problems occurring in the learning process.
4. Pictures Series
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