Review of Related Studies

From the depiction of Rebecca the writer of this study finds that she suffered from a psychological illness called Compulsive Shopping Disorder CSD. The writer finds that there are some reasons why Becky suffers from CSD. The first factor that most definitely causes Becky’s CSD is caused by her family and friends. The other factors are caused by society and media such as advertisements, TV programs and ‘sale’ promotions. The writer concludes that because of the main character’s obsession of shopping, she starts to have troubles with people around her. Her relationship with some people close to her is harmed because of her disorder. The study conducted by Cecilia uses the same approach as this thesis, which is the psychoanalytic approach. Another similarity is about the way of the two researches are conducted. This thesis is conducted by analysing the intrinsic elements of the story and then moves on to the extrinsic elements. Both Cecilia’s research and this thesis also analyse about person’s disorder. The difference between the study conducted by Cecilia and this thesis lies on the way Cecilia tries to find the effect of character’s disorder towards her relationship with other people. Another difference lies on the theory that is being used. Cecilia uses the theory about consumerism and materialism. This thesis, however, uses the Freudian theory of defence mechanism to reveal character development. The review of the book by Julius Fast says that one type of conflict in this particular book is manwoman versus manwoman. This is shown when Francesca is forced to eat by her parents. Another type of conflict is manwoman versus self. This is the biggest conflict throughout the entire story. Francesca continues to battle herself over her weight. Yet another type is manwoman versus nature. http:www.goodreads.combookshow885541.The_Best_Little_Girl_in_the_Wo rld This is shown when Francesca’s blood pressure drops to an extremely low rate. He also mentioned the conflict because of the society. The pictures of skinny models that Francesca cuts out demonstrate the effect of society upon young people. The review of the book conducted by Fast uses the same novel as this thesis, however the difference lies on the focus of the study. In that review, the focus is only on the conflicts of the novel. The writer says that the conflict of the story is not only between Francesca and her parents but also Francesca and the society she lives in. Since this related study discusses about people around Francesca, this study can be used as a reference to find the factors that lead Francesca to have eating disorder. The people around her may have role in influencing her to have eating disorder. The next study related to this study is from the other novel which is also referred to eating disorder, Wintergirls by Halse Anderson. Marina Miller in her study says that: The internal and external conflicts of the story are Lia struggled with her parents, the scale, and rumors about how Cassie dies, but internally she struggles with something much more; something that only Cassie could have understood and that nobody else is even aware of. http:www.tjjournal.com, 20 November 2014 She says the problem that exists in the book is the problem that so many teenagers struggle to cope with and seek for help. Through creative outlets, good friends and many other methods, teenagers can learn to deal with the problems presented to them. The study strengthens the idea that person who suffers anorexia symptom is not only because of parental issue but also because of other problems that might be only the major character could understand and that nobody else is even aware of. However, the problem that exists in that novel is different from the main source. In this related study, the writer focuses on how the main character deals with her society. There is similarity between this topic and the previous study. This related study uses the same topic of the novel which discusses about eating disorder, anorexia. Both of the study analyze about person’s disorder. Another similarity is the writer also uses the intrinsic elements of the story and then moves to the extrinsic elements.

B. Review of Related Theories

In this part, the writer reviews the related theories that are applied in this research. There are several theories that related to the study.

1. Theory of Characters and Characterization

According to Abrams 1993: 23, “the characters are the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that are expressed in what they say-the dialogue-and by what they do- the action.” Any names of person appearing in the novel or other literary genres are categorized as characters where it can be observed not only from the author’s narration but also from the characters’ speech and actions. Each character as their own role exposes the nature of people itself to be their distinct feature. In Reading the Novel, An Introduction to the Techniques of Interpreting Fiction E. M. Forster, as pointed by Henkle, says that the character can be divided into flat characters who are compelled by a set idea in their creater, and round characters who embody all the variations and complexities of human nature. Round character is somewhat difficult to describe because this character expresses the complexity of a human nature. Forster adds that the easiest way to identify a round character is by testing whether the character is capable to surprise the reader or not. It can be said this character shows some qualities that can evoke the reader’s feeling 1977: 91. Further Harmon 2009: 95 says, “The characterization is the creation of imagery persons so that they can seem lifelike.” It means that the characterization is a method of describing the character. The character’s development is explained and described through characterization. By learning the theory of characterization, the writer is able to know the way the author describe the characters. Therefore, observing the character’s action, attitude, behavior, and reaction is used to know their role in society and the interpersonal relationship with other people. In A Glossary of Literary Terms , Abrams and Harpham say, A broad distinction is frequently made between alternative methods for characterizing that is, establishing the distinctive characters of the persons in a narrative: showing and telling. In showing also called “the dramatic method”, the author simply presents the characters talking and acting, and leaves it entirely up to the reader to infer the motives and dispositions that lie behind what they say and do. The author may show PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI