strategies.
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Vocabulary knowledge also needs to increase by continuity. Learners are expected to learn vocabulary creatively.
Jack C. Richards defines vocabulary as a core component of language proficiency and provides much of the basis how well learners speak, listen, read
and write. Without an extensive vocabulary and strategies for acquiring new vocabulary, learners often achieve less than their potentials and may be
discouraged from making use of language learning opportunities around them such as listening radio, listening to native speakers, using the language in
different contexts, reading, or watching television.
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It can be seen from the explanation the vocabulary is also the collection of words a person knows and uses in speaking, writing, reading or listening. It
means vocabulary is whole words that are used in communication. Based on some definitions above, the writer can conclude that vocabulary
is a list of word collections and phrases usually arranged and explained or defined in some subjects, activities, various registers, and particular sphere group that
are related to the meaning of the words and the way to use them in communication.
2. Types of Vocabulary
According the New Book of knowledge, an individual vocabulary varies in size according to the type of vocabulary being considered.
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The first type of vocabulary is that a person gains in a hearing vocabulary. Most babies respond
correctly to spoken words long before they are able to use those words in their own speech. the number of words a person recognizes when he hears them remain
larger than the number he can use correctly in his own speech or writing when children start to read, they begin to acquire a sight vocabulary, or words they
recognize in print. They also learn to use a large number of words in their writing.
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Linda Diamond and Linda Gutlohn, “Teaching Vocabulary ,” …………..
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Jack C. Richards, Willy A. Renandya. Methodology in Language Teaching an Anthology of current Practice.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002, p 255
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The New Book of knowledge, Connecticut, Grolier incorporated, 1986, vol. 19 U-V p. 371
These words are nearly always fewer in number than the speaking, hearing, or reading vocabularies. A person’s total vocabulary consists of the sum of all the
words he can understand or use correctly, whether in speaking, listening, reading or writing.
Specifically, a person has two kind vocabularies those are active and passive vocabulary. The active or use vocabulary is made up of words used in
speaking or writing. Active vocabulary is also called productive vocabulary. This kind of vocabulary is used appropriately in speaking and writing. Meanwhile the
passive or recognition vocabulary is also called receptive vocabulary. This vocabulary can be understood in the context of reading or listening. The passive
or recognition vocabulary consists of words a person understands when listening or reading. Many people have recognition vocabulary several times larger than
their use vocabulary. This means that they understand words they hear or read but do not habitually use in speaking or writing. As we know, the type of vocabulary
not just for meaning but it is used in speaking, listening, reading and writing. These two kind of vocabulary is stated by Jo Ann Aebersold. She
classifies the vocabulary into active and passive vocabulary a.
Active Vocabulary is called as productive vocabulary. This vocabulary is used appropriately in speaking and writing.
b. Passive Vocabulary is called as receptive vocabulary. This vocabulary can be
understood in the context of reading or listening.
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3. The Expected learning Outcomes of Vocabulary Instruction
