itself. Wren and Martin said they are called reflexif pronouns when the action done by the subject turns back reflects upon the subject.
39
The reflexif pronouns are myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourself, yourselves,
and themselves. We can see the addition of self for singgular and selves for plural. The following table clearly shows its
different. Table. 2.3
Person Singular
Plural First
myself ourselves
Second yourself
yourselves Third
himheritself themselves
Points to remember about Reflexive Pronoun;
Point 1 A reflexive pronoun usually refers to the subject of a
sentence. Example:
He looked at himself in the mirror. Word “he” and “himself” refer to the same person.
Point 2 Sometimes reflexive pronouns are used for emphasis.
Example: He himself answered the phone, not his secretary.
He answered
the phone
himself .
Point 3 The expression by+ a reflexive pronoun usually means
“alone”. Example:
She lives by herself.
40
d. Demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns point to or single out a person or thing
41
. There are four demonstrative pronouns:
39
Wren And Martin, High School English Grammar and Composition, New Delhi; S.Chan and Company ltd.2000, p.42
40
Azar Betty Schramfer, Understanding and using English Grammar, … P. 229
41
John Langan, Sentence skill, form A… p. 215
Table..2. 4
Demonstrative pronouns Singular
Plural
This These That Those
Points to remember about possessive pronouns:
Point 1 :
Generally speaking, this and these refer to things close by at hand; that and those refer to things farther away.
Example : is anyone using this spoon?
Pick up those toys in the corner.
Point 2 :
Do not use them, this here, that there, or these here or Those, there point out. Use only this, that, these and those.
Example:
This here book looks hard to read. Incorrect This book looks hard to read. Correct
That there candy is delicious Incorrect That
candy is
delicious. Correct
e. Interrogative pronoun
“Interrogative pronoun kata ganti tanya adlah kata ganti yang digunakan untuk mengajukan atau mengaeali suatu pertanyaan”.
42
Interrogative pronoun is pronoun used to raise or to start a question. The pronouns are:
-Who is used to ask people as a subject.
e.g. who teaches you English?
-Whom is used to ask people as an object.
e.g. Whom can you invite to the party?
-Whose is used to ask ownership.
42
John S Hartanto at.al in his book “accurate, brief, and clear English Grammar,… p.75
e.g. whose car is that?
-What is used to ask name, thing or occupation.
e.g. what is your name?
-Which is used to ask choices from some option.
e.g which pens do you like, the blue pen or the red one?
-Where is used to ask place.
e.g. where is my money?
-When is used to ask time.
e.g. when will you come to my hometown?
-How is used to ask situation or way of it.
e.g. how do you go to the office?
-Why is used to ask the reason.
e.g. why you open the window?
30
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS
A. Research Methodology
1. Place and Time of the Study
The writer decided to do research at MTs Jamiyyatul Khair which is located at Kampung Utan, Tanggerang Selatan. He began this research on March
4
th
up to June 12
nd
2009. the test was held on June 12
nd
2009.
2. Population and Sample of the Study
The population and sample of the study taken is the second year of MTs Jami’yatul Khair Kampung Utan Tanggerang Selatan. It has only one class with
50 students. But unfortunately, when the writer gives the test to take the sample they were only 43 students who attended class. Some of them were absent because
of their class meeting time they had.
3. Profile of MTs Jam’iyyatul Khair
Jama’iyatul Khair is an old Islamic foundation that has function as an institution formal education. It was established on March 31, 1988 on the
authority of K.H. Zainal Arifin SH at Kampung Utan, Ciputat, Tanggerang on 1160m2 area. There are two institutions there. Islamic Elementary School
Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, and Islamic Junior High School Madrasah Tsanawiyah.
