Surface Meaning Deeper Meaning Psychopath

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E. Definition of Terms

There are three terms in this study that need to be explained in order to avoid misunderstanding, they are:

1. Surface Meaning

Surface meaning is one of the ways or the process for the readers of literary works to understand the plot. Surface meaning is easier to understand than the deeper meaning because in surface meaning, the readers do not need to guess the actual meaning of a sentence or a phrase. In stating a surface meaning, a litterateur or a writer does not need to cover what he really means with any kinds of artsy words Ross, 2001.

2. Deeper Meaning

Deeper meaning is the essence of understanding literary works. To have a deep knowledge and feeling of the novels, poems, and scripts, the readers should come to a deep meaning. To find the deeper meaning the readers must explore all of the senses she has Ross, 2001.

3. Psychopath

Psychopath Personality Disorder is part of Dramatic-Emotional Personality Disorder. General characteristics of people with this disorder are impulsive, lack of responsibility, egocentric, and aggressive. People with this disorder are not afraid of putting people even themselves in a danger. They do not feel any regret after doing a mistake or being violent to people, and that is why people called them as cold-blooded Clarke, 2010. 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the researcher discusses theories which are needed to support the research. The researcher divides those theories in four main subjects. They are the theory of character and characterization, the theories of psychology, the theories of psychopathology and the theories of motivation. The researcher also reviews a study which is related to this research.

A. Review of Related Studies

Rendy 2014 conducted a study about The Joker which is related with the present study . He discusses The Joker’s Antisocial Personality Disorder APD. APD is one of the branches of DEPD Dramatic-Emotional Personality Disorder. In this research, the researcher discusses another branch of Dramatic-Emotional Personality Disorder, which is called Psychopath Personality Disorder.

B. Theories of Character and Characterization

In this part, the researcher explains how the experts have described the theories or definitions of character and characterization from their books, articles, and journals.

1. Theory of Character

Based on A Glossary of Literary Terms by Abrams 1981, a character is a person who is presented in a work and interpreted by the reader through his