Macro level sampling Sampling

Table 1. Galeya population Ward Households Population Basima a 147 727 Duduna 89 408 Gameta 47 219 Momoawa b 35 180 Sebutuya 166 805 Urua c 58 284 Total 542 2,623 a Presumably, the ward called ‘Basima’ in the census is the ward local people refer to as ‘Lau’oya’. b Spelled ‘Momo’awa’ in this report. c Spelled ‘Ulua’ in this report.

1.4 Previous research

1.4.1 Troolin and Engkvist

In October 1996 David Troolin, SIL surveyor, and Leif Engkvist, SIL linguist working in the Molima language on Fergusson Island, conducted a preliminary survey and report of the Galeya language. They identified two dialects Basima and Galeya at an average of 75 percent lexical similarity but concluded that the two dialects were one language. Engkvist and Troolin stressed that theirs was only a preliminary survey, as time constraints did not allow them to visit very many villages, to have any contact with mountain villages, or to fully investigate the sociolinguistic situation of the area. More details regarding Engkvist and Troolin’s findings are given in section 2.1.2.

1.4.2 Lithgow

SIL linguist David Lithgow conducted extensive research in Milne Bay Province, particularly among the languages in the D’Entrecasteaux Islands. One of his major studies was on language shift towards Dobu, which is a language widely spoken in the D’Entrecasteaux Islands, both as a trade language and as the main language used in churches. In his study on language change, Lithgow 1992:34 concluded that the southern dialect of Galeya had experienced massive change toward Dobu 22 percent change in vocabulary in twenty-five years and that the northern dialect had experienced moderate 9 percent change during the same time period. The survey team sought to continue this study on language change in order to ascertain whether change was continuing to take place see section 3.4. Articles referring to this and other research on the Galeya language by Lithgow are listed in the references section of this report.

1.5 Sampling

1.5.1 Macro level sampling

Prior to the survey the team expected to find about a dozen main Galeya villages, ranging in size from 200 to 800 residents, as well as between 70 and 100 hamlets, containing only a few houses each. Upon arrival in the Galeya area, it became apparent that there were no large villages, but only numerous small hamlets, most with just a few houses. In each ward area, the team endeavoured to find the largest or most prominent hamlet 7 where sociolinguistic interviews were carried out and wordlists were collected. 8 Self-evaluation interviews, evaluating proficiency in English and Dobu, were generally done in villages that were randomly selected from a list of all of the villages in the ward, although these lists of villages were sometimes incomplete. The number of households reported during the survey for Gameta, Momo’awa, and Ulua wards 47–48, 36, and 60, respectively were very close to the numbers reported during the 2000 census, suggesting that the village lists used for these wards were fairly complete. A list of all the village and hamlet names collected by the survey team is given in table 29 in Appendix A. This table lists 147 locations, but there may actually be between 160 and 180 villages or hamlets among the six wards. Table 2 lists villages and hamlets where the survey team worked. 7 Referred to interchangeably as hamlets or villages throughout the report. 8 This often coincided with the location of a church or school. Table 2. Village sample Ward VillageHamlet name Work completed a Survey contact Dobu language area Budoya WL 1 night Duduna Boyodudu SEQ Partial day Duduna Duduna SEQ, LU Partial day Duduna Guletoto’unu SEQ, LU, CP, R, YWL 2 nights Duduna Mebulibuli SEQ Partial day Duduna Yaya SEQ, LU, CP, R, E, WL 2 nights Gameta Esiesiye SEQ Partial day Gameta Kenan R 5 nights Gameta Mena’i 1 and 2 SEQ Partial day Gameta Negwara SEQ Partial day Gameta Sabwalae SEQ Partial day Gameta Seasea SEQ, LU, CP, CU, S, WL, YWL Partial day Lauoya Arana SEQ Partial day Lau’oya Audegwasi S Partial day Lauoya Aumwata SEQ Partial day Lauoya Bedeli part of Wegiliu SEQ, WL 3 nights Lauoya Degimwanea SEQ Partial day Lauoya Gaburarana SEQ Partial day Lauoya Legulegu SEQ 1 night Lauoya Oluwete SEQ Partial day Lauoya Omwea SEQ Partial day Lauoya Pwasiaula SEQ Partial day Lau’oya Pwepwe’ura LU, R Partial day Lauoya Tapwana SEQ Partial day Lau’oya Toipwara CP, CU Partial day Lauoya Tomwemwa SEQ 1 night Lauoya Wegiliu includes Bedeli SEQ, R 3 nights Bedeli Momo’awa Apua’eha SEQ 1 night Momo’awa Bwarawe SEQ Partial day Momo’awa Bwidowa SEQ Partial day Momo’awa Dewasiga SEQ Partial day Momo’awa Ebo’eboya SEQ Partial day Momo’awa Momo’awa Mission R, S 1 night Momo’awa Mowai SEQ, LU, CP, E, WL 1 night Momo’awa Nepana SEQ Partial day Momo’awa To’apola SEQ Partial day Momo’awa Wada’aniona SEQ Partial day Momo’awa Waiwi SEQ, WL Partial day Momo’awa Wela’ila’i SEQ Partial day Momo’awa Yumwana SEQ Partial day Ward VillageHamlet name Work completed a Survey contact Sebutuya Bibio SEQ, LU, CP, CU, R, YWL, WL Multiple partial days slept at Sebutuya Sebutuya Gugula SEQ Partial day Sebutuya Kokauta LU, CP, CU, E, WL Partial day Sebutuya Mataburia SEQ 1 night Sebutuya Mwakikiki SEQ Partial day Sebutuya Sebutuya Create SEQ, SEQ, S 3 nights Sebutuya Taigwana’oya R, S, YWL at school, youth from Asadebana 2 nights Sebutuya O’oya S Partial day Ulua BwanabwanaTapewari SEQ Partial day Ulua Dimwadimwa SEQ, LU, WL 1 night Ulua Duduna SEQ Partial day Ulua Gwabegwabea SEQ, YWL 1 night Ulua Mwa’ola SEQ Partial day Ulua Tutuana SEQ Partial day Ulua Yoridan SEQ, LU, CP, CU, R, S, WL 1 night a SEQ stands for self-evaluation questionnaire, WL for wordlist, YWL for a wordlist elicited from a young person, LU for a language use questionnaire, CP for a contact patterns questionnaire, R for a religious organisations questionnaire, CU for a culture questionnaire, E for education interview of the community, and S for education interview of school staff.

1.5.2 Micro level sampling