CODE AND CULTURAL MEANING OF SEMIOTIC IN CERITA CALON ARANG.

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CODE AND CULTURAL MEANING OF SEMIOTIC IN

CERITA CALON ARANG

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Sarjana Sastra

By:

SRI HANDAYANI PUTRI

Register Number 2113220039

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2016

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ABSTRACT

Putri, Sri Handayani. 2113220039. Code and Cultural Meaning of Semiotic in Cerita Calon

Arang. A Thesis. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016.

Novel such ad Cersta Calou Araug are quste populer su Iudouessa. These uovel are quste

suterestsug to study because they are uot ouly suvolvsug kuowledge, but also requsrsug the

settsugs su whsch ksuduess aud truth. Thss paper ss a semsotsc study that asms at suvestsgatsug

code aud cultural meausug. The data are aualyzed based ou descrsptsve qualstatsve research. The

fsudsugs show that there are tweuty oue of word whsch meausugs coded su the Cersta Calou

Araug. There were fourteeu seuteuces have meausugs coded su Cersta Calou Araug. The

categorses was fouud of cultural meausug, authorsty, magsc, relsgsou, aud humau whsch

semsotscally coded su the Cersta Calou Araug. The reasou why st becomes the domsuaut

categorses because the couteut of Cersta Calou Araug happeued su 1019-1042 M.

Key words: semiotic, code, cultural meaning, novel, Cerita Calon Arang

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Great thanks and praise to the Allah SWT who has blessed and given the ability to the

researcher to complete her thesis as the partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of

Sarjana Sastra at the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of

Medan.

This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several

individuals who always contributed and extended their valuable assistances in the preparation

and completion of this thesis. The researcher’s special appreciation goes to:



Prof.Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd.,

the Rector of State University of Medan



Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum.,

the Dean Faculty of Language and Arts, State University

of Medan.



Prof.Dr.Hj.Sumarsih, M.Pd.,

the Head of English and Literature of English

Department,

Dra. Meisuri, MA.,

the Secretary of English Department,

Nora

fonita,S.Pd., S.S.,M.Hum.,

the Head of English Education Program

and Syamsul

Bahri ,S.S,M.Hum.,

the Head of English Non Educational Program, Faculty of

Languages and Arts as her Academic Advisor.



Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D,

as her Thesis Supervisor, for the advice, guaidance,

suggestions and for the time in process of completing this thesis.



Drs. Elia Masa Gintings, M.Hum., Dr Zainuddin, DIP. TEFL., M.Hum.,

as her

Thesis Examiner.



Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd.,

as the Administration Staff of English Department for helping

the writer fulfillment in conducting this thesis

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

Her strong and beloved parents,

affection, prayer, financial support and taught the researcher many worth things in facing

the life. Thanks also given to her sisters and brothers,

Siradjudin Iqbal, Siti Aqilah Nazwa, Sayida Nafisa Zahra.



All friends in English Literature A and B 2011. All team in Pers Mahasiswa Kreatif

State University of Medan. All

contributed in this study

Eka Prastia

their support, kindness, great love and help the researcher, also warm hearted

encouragement friendship in finishing this thesis.



The people who directly o

to her.

iii

Her strong and beloved parents,

Agus Supriadi

and

Siti Mariani

for the patience,

affection, prayer, financial support and taught the researcher many worth things in facing

the life. Thanks also given to her sisters and brothers,

Nuzulia fahma, fizki Al

Siradjudin Iqbal, Siti Aqilah Nazwa, Sayida Nafisa Zahra.

riends in English Literature A and B 2011. All team in Pers Mahasiswa Kreatif

Medan. All crew in 98,3 FM I-Radio Medan. The people who directly

Eka Prastia, Chairunnisa Lubis, Tirta Aritonang

their support, kindness, great love and help the researcher, also warm hearted

encouragement friendship in finishing this thesis.

or indirectly contributed in this study, your kindness means a l

Medan,

Agustus 2016

The Researcher,

Sri Handayani Putri

2113220039

the patience,

affection, prayer, financial support and taught the researcher many worth things in facing

Nuzulia fahma, fizki Al-Amin,

riends in English Literature A and B 2011. All team in Pers Mahasiswa Kreatif

ople who directly

onang

, thanks for

their support, kindness, great love and help the researcher, also warm hearted

ur kindness means a lot

Agustus 2016

The Researcher,

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ABSTRACT ... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iv

LIST OF TABLES ... vi

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. Background of The Study ... 1

B. The Problem of the Study ... 5

C. The Objective of the Study ... 5

D. The Scope of The Study ... 5

E. The Significance of The Study ... 6

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ... 7

A

.

Theoretical Framework ... 7

1. Process Communication of Literary Text ... 7

a. Language Code ... 8

b. Literature Code ... 9

c. Cultural Code ... 11

2. Semiotic Analysis ... 12

3. Semiotic As One Approach to Analyze The Literature ... 16

4. Language As A System ... 17

5. Literature As A Sign Include Field Semiotics by De Saussure ... 18

6. Language As A Sign by Karl Buhler ... 20

7. Novel ... 21

8. Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Biography ... 21

9. The Summary of Cerita Calon Arang by Pramoedya Ananta Toer….22

B. Relevant Studies ... 26

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CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 28

A. Research Design ... 28

B. Source of Data ... 28

C. Data Collection technique ... 28

CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 30

A. Data ... 30

B. Data Analysis ... 30

1. The Meanings Are Coded in The Novel Cerita Calon Arang by

Word ... 30

2. The Meanings Are Coded in The Novel Cerita Calon Arang by

Sentences ... 40

3. The Categories of Cultural Meaning in Cerita Calon Arang... 48

C. Research Finding ... 53

CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 55

A. Conclusion ... 55

B. Suggestion ... 55

REFERRENCES ... 57

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLES

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1 CHAPTER I INTRODECTION

A. The Background of Study

Humans as social beings needs a tool to interact with other human beings in society. The purpose of social interaction, it takes a tool of communication is called language.In daily communication, instrument that is often used to communicate is language, either in the form of written language and spoken language. Language as a communication tool must have a function based on the needs of a person consciously or unconsciously uses.

Language is a instrument for self-expression, communication tools, and a tool for social control.Language is already a system of signs, semiotic system. According Suwarna (2002:4) language is a main case for communication in social life, in individual and social. Each of sign, language elements that have a particular meaning, which by convention is approved, must be received by members of society, and tying them together, not only in the sense that the sign is a giving of (seats must mean "chair" in Indonesian, can not be used with meaning "table".

Language can be applied through various ways such as literature. The literary work is a product created by a writer, which there is to be conveyed to the reader.

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Literary works written or created by writers not to read alone, but there are ideas, experiences, and the mandate to be conveyed to the reader. Further, what does it become the input, so that the reader can draw and interpret as something that can be useful for the development of life. It can be proved that the literary work can develop the life and culture of the community. In other words, literature always charged sociocultural. It happened because the literary work is also influenced by the environment and times when creating his work. This is what Damono (1998:234) says that literary work is a cultural thing, it does not fall from the sky, but it created an individual human being as well an integral part of society.

The literary work is an art which many utilize symbols to express subconscious that is more real and obvious plasticity, the author uses metaphors and symbolism in the story. Any event or occurrence even character names are not delivered naturalistic and realistic as it is, but delivered in a figurative and symbolic .The process of literary studies has an important role in the life of the language as well as in the search for the deeper meaning of a literary work. In this case the approach has known several kinds of literature. The literary approach here is a technique that leads to an attempt to affect the emotions and feelings of the reader.

The literature as imaginative works that use language has differences with other linguistic are more important function in the form of a reference language messaging. Instead of literature concerned with aesthetic function of language as a means of expression. In literature the authors try to get the effect of the use of

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language, in the form of impressed and awe the reader. The literary work always gets a response and diverse meanings of the reader and is not always appropriate to the intended meaning of the author of literature. This is due to differences in age, experience, ability, comprehension, and the situation of readers. In other words the difference of meaning was due to different readers horizon expectations, causing a variety of interpretations of the literary text.

The novel is one of the literature works. The literary form of the most widely is circulated and printed, because the community very broad power in society. However, many lovers of literature (novels) are still a lot of readers who are difficult to interpret things that happen in a literary work (novel). Perhaps due to the complex structure of the novel, unique, or even explain its meaning directly making it difficult for the reader to understand and interpret what the author means. Therefore, to understand we need the presence of the analysis, by outlining the signs of words contained in this novel. One of the novel to be analyzed the

code is Pramoedya Ananta Toer “Cerita Calon Arang”

Literature knowledge surround the wide field. It was covered literary theory, literary history and literary criticism. The three of part are interrelated. The link causes dependence. A literary work can not be understood and lived, moreover interpreted and assessed perfectly without a support the three part of literature. Literary theory can never be perfect without the help of literary history and literary criticism. Broadly speaking, literary theory consist of four paradigm, writing, the reader, the reality and the universe. To fulfill the the fourth paradigm,

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it is formulated or invented theories about literature. One of the such theory is the theory of semiotics.

Based on the background of this research is intended to scrutinize and examine in detail how the code, cultural meaning through semiotic system that is

used by the author in a literary work in the "Cerita Calon Arang” by Pramoedya

Ananta Toer. Cerita Calon Arang tells of life of a bad old woman. She is a

shaman and sucking human blood . He was arrogant, all of her political opponents slashed. She was glad to persecute human, killed, robbed and hurt. She had a a lot of knowledge magic to kill people. If they were partying no different with the wild animal, scared people who see that if caught peeping it will be dragged into the middle of the party and killed and their blood be used wash. Beside the novel has a story which tell about cultural, this novel also tell about moral lesson. Then, the author make it this novel easy to read, not bored. The author never stop make a creation. He is the expert to tells emotion, the story of the character and motivations of various complicated. The prison did not stop an inch to write, many times his work was banned and burned. For him, writing is a personal and national duty. And he consistently against all the consequences that he earned.

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B. The Problem of Study

In relation to the background of the problem were formulated as the following:

1. What meanings are coded in the novel Cerita Calon Arang

2. How are cultural meanings semiotically coded in the Cerita Calon

Arang?

3. Why are the cultural meaning coded in the above they are?

C. The Objective of Study

In line with the problems, the objective of the study were:

1. To reveal semiotic elements contained in the novel.

2. To know about cultural meanings in the novel

3. To determine whether the semiotic meanings contained in the

novel.

D. The Scope of The Study

This research is limited on analyzing coded in the novel Cerita Calon

Arang, cultural meanings semiotically coded in the Cerita Calon Arang, and the cultural meaning coded in the above novel. The novel taken from

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E. The Significance of Study

1. Theoritically provide information about semiotic, code, cultural code

and meaning, especially for the student of literature who study about semiotic.

2. Pratically give information about semiotic to teachers who teach the

student by learning about the code, cultural code, meaning in semiotic

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55 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusions

Aftef analyzing all the meaning of codes and cultufal meanings on Cerita Calon Arang afe dfawn as the following:

(1) Based on analysis of semiotic in “Cerita Calon Arang” by Pfamoedya Ananta Toef, the code in that novel had founded. The novel is one of litefafy text has system of code which have meaning with aesthetic language.

(2) Code has intefpfetation, which is based on code feceivef.

(3) The theme of “Cerita Calon Arang” by Pfamoedya Ananta Toef is a bad thing who did by Calon Afang and hef followef, which caused people suffefed and died evefy day. But, beside that, thefe afe a mofal values which teach feadef that is potentially impfoved by kindness.

B. Suggestions

Having seen the fesults of study, the suggestions afe offefed as the following: (1) It was found such as wofds and sentences which have meaning with aesthetic

language, it should be intfoduce to people because leafn about semiotic in language is one of to appfeciate litefafy text.

(2) It is sugessted to othef feseafchefs and the students of Applied Linguistics, who afe taking semiotic to staft analysing and obsefving fufthef feseafch in ofdef to get othef feasons of the code and cultufal meaning ffom othef topics.

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(3) It is adviseable fof feadefs to undefstand the semiotic, especially code and cultufal meaning in ofdef to leafn about mofal value.

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REFERENCES

Budiman, Kris. 2003. Semiotika Visual. Yogyakarta: Buku Baik.

Damono, Sapardi Djoko. 1228. “Umar Kayam Sebagai Sampel Sistem Pengarang Indonesia” Dalam Aprinus Salam (Editor) Umar Kayam Dan Jaring Semiotik.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Kurniawan, Heru. 2002. Sastra Anak. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu Luxemyurg, 1282.Pragmatik Ilmu Sasrta. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia. Luxemyurg, 1222.Pragmatik Ilmu Sasrta. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.

Muhammad, Yunus. 2011. Analisis Semiotik Teks Lagu-Lagu Melayu Sumatera Utara. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Nasution, Ikhwanuddin. 2008. Sistem Dan Kode Semiotika Dalam Sastra Proses Komunikasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Dan Sastra, Vol.4, No.2, pp.102.

Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. 2005. Sastra Anak Pengantar Pemahaman Dunia Anak. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.

Sangadji, Etta Mamang. 2010. Pendekatan Praktis Dalam Penelitian. Yogyakarta: Andi.

Saragih, Amrin. 2011. Semiotik Bahasa: Tanda, Penandaan Petanda Dalam Bahasa. Medan: Universitas Negeri Medan, Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Semi, M Atar. 1223. Metode Penelitian Sastra. Angkasa. Bandung: Angkasa. Simpson, Paul. 2004. Language, Discourse And Literature. USA: Routiledge. Suwarna. 2002. Strategi Penguasaan Berbahasa. Yogyakarta: Peneryit Adi Citra. Taufik, Muhammad. 2005. Pembacaan Kode Seniotika Roland Barthes Terhadap Bangunan Arsitektur Katedral Evry di Prancis Karya Mario Brota. Jurnal Arsitektur, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 85-22.

Teeuw, A. 1284. Sastra dan Ilmu Sastra Pengantar Teori Sastra. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.

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Teeuw, A. 1288. Sastra dan Ilmu Sastra Pengantar Teori Sastra. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.

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B. The Problem of Study

In relation to the background of the problem were formulated as the following:

1. What meanings are coded in the novel Cerita Calon Arang

2. How are cultural meanings semiotically coded in the Cerita Calon Arang?

3. Why are the cultural meaning coded in the above they are?

C. The Objective of Study

In line with the problems, the objective of the study were: 1. To reveal semiotic elements contained in the novel. 2. To know about cultural meanings in the novel

3. To determine whether the semiotic meanings contained in the novel.

D. The Scope of The Study

This research is limited on analyzing coded in the novel Cerita Calon Arang, cultural meanings semiotically coded in the Cerita Calon Arang, and the cultural meaning coded in the above novel. The novel taken from Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s novel with title Cerita Calon Arang.

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E. The Significance of Study

1. Theoritically provide information about semiotic, code, cultural code and meaning, especially for the student of literature who study about semiotic.

2. Pratically give information about semiotic to teachers who teach the student by learning about the code, cultural code, meaning in semiotic 3. Show the readers and the researchers about semiotic in that novel.

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55 A. Conclusions

Aftef analyzing all the meaning of codes and cultufal meanings on Cerita Calon Arang afe dfawn as the following:

(1) Based on analysis of semiotic in “Cerita Calon Arang” by Pfamoedya Ananta Toef, the code in that novel had founded. The novel is one of litefafy text has system of code which have meaning with aesthetic language.

(2) Code has intefpfetation, which is based on code feceivef.

(3) The theme of “Cerita Calon Arang” by Pfamoedya Ananta Toef is a bad thing who did by Calon Afang and hef followef, which caused people suffefed and died evefy day. But, beside that, thefe afe a mofal values which teach feadef that is potentially impfoved by kindness.

B. Suggestions