First grade mathematics Some Ideas of Problem-Based Learning

29  How competent are teachers in planning their lesson? This is a matter of checking the selected problem whether it is appropriate to the students abilities, analyzing the problem and its solution for the appropriate hints and guiding questions for helping students to move ahead. As problem solving is a part of problem-based learning, in implementing PBL environments, teachers instructional abilities become critically important as they take on increased responsibilities in addition to the presentation of mathematical knowledge. Beyond gaining proficiency in algorithms and mastering foundational knowledge in mathematics, students in PBL environments must learn a variety of mathematical processes and skills related communication, representation, modeling, and reasoning. Preparing teachers for their roles as managers of PBL environments presents new challenges both to novices and to experienced mathematics teachers Smith, 1998; Erickson, 1999; Lubienski, 1999Lewellen Mikusa, 1999, as cited by Roh, 2003. Thus, teachers need to develop their abilities, knowledge and skills related to problem-solving strategies, problems selection or creation, and problem-based learning. This module is just a beginning. There are many resources available for teacher to do so. The following references list is just also some resources that can be extended by teachers to develop their competencies in those aspects. Good luck

H. References

Bridges, Edwin M.1992. Problem-based learning for administrators. Eugene: ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management, University of Oregon. ERICCEM Accession Number: EA 023 722 IAE-Pedia.2009. Math Problem-based Learning. Web: Information Age Education. Available at URL http:iae-pedia.orgMath_Problem-based_Learning June 22 nd , 2011. IMSA Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy. 2011. IMSAs PBL Network, Collaborative Inquiry in Action. http:pbln.imsa.eduindex.html June 22 nd , 2011 Kyeong Ha Roh. 2003. Problem-Based Learning in Mathematics. ERIC Digest. ED482725. http:www.ericdigests.org2004-3math.html June 22 nd , 2011. Lee Peng Yeeed. 2007. Teaching Primary School Mathematics, A Resource Book. Singapore: McGrawHill. Lenchner, George. 2005. Creative Problem Solving in School Mathematics. 2 nd Ed. revised, extended. Bellmore, NY: Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools, Inc. Managing Basic Education. 2006. Asyik Belajar dengan PAKEM: MATEMATIKA untuk Sekolah Dasar SD-MI dan Sekolah Menengah Pertama SMP-MTS. available at http:www.mbeproject.net downloade.html June 13rd, 2011. Ng Wee Leng. 2008. Problem Solving Heuristics for Primary School Mathematics, A Comprehensive Guide. Singapore: Pearson Prentice Hall.