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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Theoretical Review
In this part, there are some terms that are explained based on some theories. They are the notion of English language teaching, character, character
education, and content analysis. Each of them consists of sub-terms that support the explanation.
1. English Language Teaching
According to Kumaravadivelu 2006: 26-48, there are three components in English language teaching. They are input, intake, and output. The explanations
are given below. a.
Input Input
may be operationally defined as oral andor written corpus of the target language TL to which the second language L2 learners are exposed
through various sources, and recognized by them as language input. There are
three sources of input. They are as follow. 1
Interlanguage input: the still-developing language of the learners and of their peers with all its linguistically well-formed as well as deviant utterances.
2 Simplified input: the grammatically and lexically simplified language that
teachers, textbook writers, and other competent speakers use in and outside the classroom while addressing language learners.
3 Nonsimplified input: the language of competent speakers without any
characteristic features of simplification, that is, the language generally used in the media TV, radio, and newspapers, and also the language used by
competent speakers to speak and write to one another. b.
Intake Krashen 1981: 101-102 says that intake is simply where language
acquisition comes from, that subset of linguistic input that helps the acquirer acquire language.
Intake has some factors that influence English language teaching
.
Intake factors refer to learner internal and learner external factors that are brought to bear
on the psycholinguistic processes of language learning. These are the following intake factors:
1
Individual factors: age and anxiety
2
Negotiation factors: interaction and interpretation
3
Tactical factors: learning strategies and communication strategies
4
Affective factors: attitudes and motivation
5
Knowledge factors: language knowledge and metalanguage knowledge
6
Environmental factors: social context and educational context.
Moreover, intake also has processes in English language teaching. Intake processes are cognitive mechanisms that at once mediate between, and interact
with, input data and intake factors. The intake processes that appear to shape L2 development may be grouped under three broad and overlapping categories:
inferencing, structuring, and restructuring.
Kategori