AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTMADE BY STUDENTS AT THE 7TH GRADE IN SMP N 1 GATAK An Error Analysis In Writing Descriptive Text Made By Students At The 7th Grade In SMP N 1 Gatak In 2015/2016 Academic Year.
AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
MADE BY STUDENTS AT THE 7TH GRADE IN SMP N 1 GATAK
IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
MUFTI ISTIQOMAH
A320120075
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
MOTTO
If you are grateful, Allah will surely give you more and more
Life is short, always choose happiness
9
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My beloved father, Juwadi,
My beloved mother, Narni, and
My younger sister Indri,
9,
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamualaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh.
In the name of Alloh the most gracious and the most merciful, I would like to
say thank to Allah SWT for mercy and blessing for the writer in making research
paper to fulfill one of requirement for the graduate degree of education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer finally completes her research
paper entitled “An Error Analysis in Writing Descriptive Text Made by Students at
the 7th Grade in SMP N 1 Gatak in 2015/2016 Academic Year”.
Sholawat and salam are also given to our great prophet Muhammad SAW
who brought us from the darkness into the lightness. In finishing this research paper,
the writer finds some problems and obstacles. So that this research paper cannot be
finished without help from the other who give support, suggestion, and constructive
criticism. The writer would like to express her thanks for those who helped her.
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., the Head of English Education Department,
3.
Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum, the first consultant and the inspiring person
for giving her advice, guidance, help, and patience so that this research paper
can be finished as well,
4.
Siti Fatimah S. Pd., M.Hum., as the second consultant who gives correction,
input, and help to the writer so this research paper can be finished,
5.
Drs. Djoko Srijono, M.Hum. as the third consultant who has examined and
corrected her research paper,
6.
All the lecturers in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for giving the writer
knowledge, help, and motivation for her research paper,
7.
Her beloved dad Juwadi and mom Narni for their love, inspiration, support,
prayer, and advice so that the writer is motivated to finish her research paper,
8.
Her beloved sister Indriastuti Wijayanti who always gives the writer spirit and
love,
9,,
9.
Her dearest younger sister Zura who always make the writer glad and spirit to
finish this research,
10. Her beloved friends Nur Sholihah and Citra Fitriyani who always give support
and pray,
11. Her lovely friends, Ega Novia Sari, Intan Dwi Gabetta Siahaan, Kholeeyoh Mali,
Sagitha Litany Demastuti, and Sri Liyaningsih who always give support, help,
and pray each other. Thank you so much for every single moment that has been
made. GLIMMERS,
12. Her beloved friends, Etik Purnawati, Kusnul Khotimah, and Rani Fidiyana who
always give pray, support, and spirit in every step of her life,
13. Her lovely internship partners, Anggit Priyos Vita Dyah Lukmana and Fahma
Fatikhah,
14. Her great students, Ayu, Isa, Nisha, Risma, Zaenal and others who cannot
mentioned. Thank you so much for help to finish this research,
15. Her beloved friend in Department of English Education 2012. Thank you for the
warm togetherness,
All who cannot be mentioned one by one in helping the writer finish this
research paper. Thanks for every support, pray, and motivation. The writer realizes
that this research paper is still far from perfection. The writer hopes the constructive
criticism and suggestion to make this research paper better. The writer hopes that this
research paper can be useful and give contribution to the other researcher.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh.
Surakarta, April 2016
Mufti Istiqomah
A320120075
9,,,
LIST OF TABLE
2.1. Differences between Previous Study and the Current Study ..................... 11
4.1. Type of Error .............................................................................................. 41
4.2. Similarities between the Previous Finding and the Current Finding......... 48
4.3. Differences between the Previous Finding and the Current Finding ........ 50
,;
LIST OF APPENDIXES
APPENDIX 1. Real Composition
APPENDIX 2. The Type of Error
;
SUMMARY
Istiqomah, Mufti. A320120075. AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY STUDENTS AT THE 7TH GRADE IN SMP
N 1 GATAK IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR. Research Paper.
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2016.
The purposes of this research are: (1) to describe the types of morphological
error of writing descriptive text made by the seventh grade students of SMP N 1
Gatak in 2015/2016 academic year; (2) to describe the types of syntactical error; (3)
to describe the types of discourse error; (4) to know the frequency of each error in
writing descriptive text; (5) to know the sources of errors. The type of this research is
descriptive qualitative research. The researcher uses linguistic category taxonomy
and surface strategy taxonomy by James in analyzing the data.
The result of this research is the researcher found 220 errors made by the
students, the errors are divided into three kinds of errors. The first type of error is
morphological error in wrong spelling (46 errors or 20,91 %). The second is
syntactical error (152 errors or 69,09%), this kind of errors are divided into seven
kinds of errors. The first is omission of –s/-es in plural marker (8 errors or 3,64%).
The second is error in Be, this error is divided into three: omission of Be (15 errors
or 6,81%); addition of Be (14 errors or 6,36%); misuse of Be (14 errors or 6,36%).
The third is omission of preposition (9 errors or 4,09%). The fourth is article, it is
divided into two: omission of article (8 errors or 3,64 %); addition of article (10
errors or 4,55 %). The fifth is omission of s/es for v1 after third person singular (20
errors or 9,09%). The sixth is error in pronoun, it is divided into three: omission of ‘s
in possessive pronoun (4 errors or 1,82 %); possessive for subjective pronoun (18
errors or 8,18 %); subjective for possessive pronoun (19 errors or 8,64 %). And the
last is misordering (13 errors or 5,91 %). The last type of error is discourse in
reference, 22 errors or 10%.
Key words: error analysis, descriptive text, linguistic category taxonomy, surface
strategy taxonomy.
;,
RINGKASAN
Istiqomah, Mufti. A320120075. AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY STUDENTS AT THE 7TH GRADE IN SMP
N 1 GATAK IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR. Skripsi. Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2016
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan tipe-tipe eror morfologi
dalam penulisan teks deskriptif yang dibuat oleh murid kelas tujuh di SMP N 1 Gatak
tahun akademik 2015/2016; (2) mendeskripsikan tipe-tipe eror sintaksis; (3)
mendeskripsikan tipe-tipe eror discourse; (4) mengetahui frekuensi setiap eror dalam
penulisan teks deskriptif; (5) mengetahui sumber-sumber eror. Tipe penelitian ini
adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Peneliti menggunakan linguistic category taxonomy dan
surface strategy taxonomy dari James untuk menganalisis data.
Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan 220 eror, jenis eror dibedakan menjadi
tiga. Jenis eror yang pertama adalah eror morfologi pada wrong spelling (46 eror atau
20,91%). Yang kedua adalah eror sintaksis (152 eror atau 69,09%), jenis eror ini
dibagi menjadi tujuh. Yang pertama adalah omission of –s/-es in plural marker (8
eror atau 3,64%). Yang kedua adalah error in Be, eror jenis ini dibagi menjadi tiga:
omission of Be (15 eror atau 6,81%); addition of Be (14 eror atau 6,36%); misuse of
Be (14 eror atau 6,36%). Yang ketiga adalah omission of preposition (9 eror atau
4,09%). Yang keempat adalah article, eror jenis ini dibagi menjadi dua: omission of
article (8 eror atau 3,64 %); addition of article (10 eror atau 4,55 %). Yang kelima
adalah omission of s/es for v1 after third person singular (20 eror atau 9,09%). Yang
keenam adalah error in pronoun,eror jenis ini dibagi menjadi tiga: omission of ‘s in
possessive pronoun (4 eror atau 1,82 %); possessive for subjective pronoun (18
errors or 8,18 %); subjective for possessive pronoun (19 eror atau 8,64 %). Dan yang
terakhir adalah misordering (13 eror atau 5,91 %). Jenis terakhir dari tipe eror adalah
discourse pada reference, 22 eror atau 10%.
Kata Kunci: analisis kesalahan berbahasa, teks deskriptif, linguistic category
taxonomy, surface strategy taxonomy.
;,,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ................................................................................................................i
PRONOUNCEMENT .......................................................................................ii
APPROVAL .......................................................................................................iii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................v
DEDICATION ..................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................vii
LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................................ix
LIST OF APPENDIX .........................................................................................x
SUMMARY
..................................................................................................xi
RINGKASAN
..................................................................................................xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................1
A. Background of Study
..........................................................1
B. Limitation of the Study ..........................................................4
C. Problem Statements
..........................................................4
D. Objective of the Study
..........................................................5
E. Significance of the Study..........................................................5
F. Research Paper Organization....................................................6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE..............................7
A. Previous Study ......................................................................7
B. Error Analysis
.......................................................................13
1. Notion of Error analysis.......................................................13
2. Pedagogical Purpose of Error Analysis ...............................13
3. The Classification of Error...................................................14
4. The Error Identification .......................................................18
5. Sources of Error ..................................................................19
C. English Text
......................................................................20
1. Notion of English Text.........................................................20
;,,,
2. Type of English Text.....................................................20
3. Descriptive Text.............................................................22
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD..........................................................24
A. Type of the Study ..................................................................24
B. Object of the Study ................................................................24
C. Data and Data Source ............................................................25
D. Method of Collecting Data ....................................................25
E. Data Validity ..........................................................................25
F. Technique for Analyzing Data ..............................................26
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ........................27
A. Research Finding...................................................................27
1. Type of Morphological Error ...........................................27
2. Type of Syntactical Error .................................................28
3. Type of Discourse Error ...................................................39
4. The Frequency of Error ....................................................41
5. Source of Error .................................................................42
B. Discussion ...........................................................................44
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION AND
SUGGESTION ........................................................................54
A. Conclusion .............................................................................54
B. Pedagogical Implication .........................................................55
C. Suggestion .............................................................................56
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...............................................................................................58
APPENDIXES ..................................................................................................60
Appendix 1 Real Composition
Appendix 2 The Types of Error
;,9
MADE BY STUDENTS AT THE 7TH GRADE IN SMP N 1 GATAK
IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
MUFTI ISTIQOMAH
A320120075
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
MOTTO
If you are grateful, Allah will surely give you more and more
Life is short, always choose happiness
9
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
My beloved father, Juwadi,
My beloved mother, Narni, and
My younger sister Indri,
9,
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamualaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh.
In the name of Alloh the most gracious and the most merciful, I would like to
say thank to Allah SWT for mercy and blessing for the writer in making research
paper to fulfill one of requirement for the graduate degree of education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer finally completes her research
paper entitled “An Error Analysis in Writing Descriptive Text Made by Students at
the 7th Grade in SMP N 1 Gatak in 2015/2016 Academic Year”.
Sholawat and salam are also given to our great prophet Muhammad SAW
who brought us from the darkness into the lightness. In finishing this research paper,
the writer finds some problems and obstacles. So that this research paper cannot be
finished without help from the other who give support, suggestion, and constructive
criticism. The writer would like to express her thanks for those who helped her.
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph. D., the Head of English Education Department,
3.
Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum, the first consultant and the inspiring person
for giving her advice, guidance, help, and patience so that this research paper
can be finished as well,
4.
Siti Fatimah S. Pd., M.Hum., as the second consultant who gives correction,
input, and help to the writer so this research paper can be finished,
5.
Drs. Djoko Srijono, M.Hum. as the third consultant who has examined and
corrected her research paper,
6.
All the lecturers in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta for giving the writer
knowledge, help, and motivation for her research paper,
7.
Her beloved dad Juwadi and mom Narni for their love, inspiration, support,
prayer, and advice so that the writer is motivated to finish her research paper,
8.
Her beloved sister Indriastuti Wijayanti who always gives the writer spirit and
love,
9,,
9.
Her dearest younger sister Zura who always make the writer glad and spirit to
finish this research,
10. Her beloved friends Nur Sholihah and Citra Fitriyani who always give support
and pray,
11. Her lovely friends, Ega Novia Sari, Intan Dwi Gabetta Siahaan, Kholeeyoh Mali,
Sagitha Litany Demastuti, and Sri Liyaningsih who always give support, help,
and pray each other. Thank you so much for every single moment that has been
made. GLIMMERS,
12. Her beloved friends, Etik Purnawati, Kusnul Khotimah, and Rani Fidiyana who
always give pray, support, and spirit in every step of her life,
13. Her lovely internship partners, Anggit Priyos Vita Dyah Lukmana and Fahma
Fatikhah,
14. Her great students, Ayu, Isa, Nisha, Risma, Zaenal and others who cannot
mentioned. Thank you so much for help to finish this research,
15. Her beloved friend in Department of English Education 2012. Thank you for the
warm togetherness,
All who cannot be mentioned one by one in helping the writer finish this
research paper. Thanks for every support, pray, and motivation. The writer realizes
that this research paper is still far from perfection. The writer hopes the constructive
criticism and suggestion to make this research paper better. The writer hopes that this
research paper can be useful and give contribution to the other researcher.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh.
Surakarta, April 2016
Mufti Istiqomah
A320120075
9,,,
LIST OF TABLE
2.1. Differences between Previous Study and the Current Study ..................... 11
4.1. Type of Error .............................................................................................. 41
4.2. Similarities between the Previous Finding and the Current Finding......... 48
4.3. Differences between the Previous Finding and the Current Finding ........ 50
,;
LIST OF APPENDIXES
APPENDIX 1. Real Composition
APPENDIX 2. The Type of Error
;
SUMMARY
Istiqomah, Mufti. A320120075. AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY STUDENTS AT THE 7TH GRADE IN SMP
N 1 GATAK IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR. Research Paper.
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2016.
The purposes of this research are: (1) to describe the types of morphological
error of writing descriptive text made by the seventh grade students of SMP N 1
Gatak in 2015/2016 academic year; (2) to describe the types of syntactical error; (3)
to describe the types of discourse error; (4) to know the frequency of each error in
writing descriptive text; (5) to know the sources of errors. The type of this research is
descriptive qualitative research. The researcher uses linguistic category taxonomy
and surface strategy taxonomy by James in analyzing the data.
The result of this research is the researcher found 220 errors made by the
students, the errors are divided into three kinds of errors. The first type of error is
morphological error in wrong spelling (46 errors or 20,91 %). The second is
syntactical error (152 errors or 69,09%), this kind of errors are divided into seven
kinds of errors. The first is omission of –s/-es in plural marker (8 errors or 3,64%).
The second is error in Be, this error is divided into three: omission of Be (15 errors
or 6,81%); addition of Be (14 errors or 6,36%); misuse of Be (14 errors or 6,36%).
The third is omission of preposition (9 errors or 4,09%). The fourth is article, it is
divided into two: omission of article (8 errors or 3,64 %); addition of article (10
errors or 4,55 %). The fifth is omission of s/es for v1 after third person singular (20
errors or 9,09%). The sixth is error in pronoun, it is divided into three: omission of ‘s
in possessive pronoun (4 errors or 1,82 %); possessive for subjective pronoun (18
errors or 8,18 %); subjective for possessive pronoun (19 errors or 8,64 %). And the
last is misordering (13 errors or 5,91 %). The last type of error is discourse in
reference, 22 errors or 10%.
Key words: error analysis, descriptive text, linguistic category taxonomy, surface
strategy taxonomy.
;,
RINGKASAN
Istiqomah, Mufti. A320120075. AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY STUDENTS AT THE 7TH GRADE IN SMP
N 1 GATAK IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR. Skripsi. Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta. 2016
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan tipe-tipe eror morfologi
dalam penulisan teks deskriptif yang dibuat oleh murid kelas tujuh di SMP N 1 Gatak
tahun akademik 2015/2016; (2) mendeskripsikan tipe-tipe eror sintaksis; (3)
mendeskripsikan tipe-tipe eror discourse; (4) mengetahui frekuensi setiap eror dalam
penulisan teks deskriptif; (5) mengetahui sumber-sumber eror. Tipe penelitian ini
adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Peneliti menggunakan linguistic category taxonomy dan
surface strategy taxonomy dari James untuk menganalisis data.
Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan 220 eror, jenis eror dibedakan menjadi
tiga. Jenis eror yang pertama adalah eror morfologi pada wrong spelling (46 eror atau
20,91%). Yang kedua adalah eror sintaksis (152 eror atau 69,09%), jenis eror ini
dibagi menjadi tujuh. Yang pertama adalah omission of –s/-es in plural marker (8
eror atau 3,64%). Yang kedua adalah error in Be, eror jenis ini dibagi menjadi tiga:
omission of Be (15 eror atau 6,81%); addition of Be (14 eror atau 6,36%); misuse of
Be (14 eror atau 6,36%). Yang ketiga adalah omission of preposition (9 eror atau
4,09%). Yang keempat adalah article, eror jenis ini dibagi menjadi dua: omission of
article (8 eror atau 3,64 %); addition of article (10 eror atau 4,55 %). Yang kelima
adalah omission of s/es for v1 after third person singular (20 eror atau 9,09%). Yang
keenam adalah error in pronoun,eror jenis ini dibagi menjadi tiga: omission of ‘s in
possessive pronoun (4 eror atau 1,82 %); possessive for subjective pronoun (18
errors or 8,18 %); subjective for possessive pronoun (19 eror atau 8,64 %). Dan yang
terakhir adalah misordering (13 eror atau 5,91 %). Jenis terakhir dari tipe eror adalah
discourse pada reference, 22 eror atau 10%.
Kata Kunci: analisis kesalahan berbahasa, teks deskriptif, linguistic category
taxonomy, surface strategy taxonomy.
;,,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ................................................................................................................i
PRONOUNCEMENT .......................................................................................ii
APPROVAL .......................................................................................................iii
ACCEPTANCE .................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO ............................................................................................................v
DEDICATION ..................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................vii
LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................................ix
LIST OF APPENDIX .........................................................................................x
SUMMARY
..................................................................................................xi
RINGKASAN
..................................................................................................xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................1
A. Background of Study
..........................................................1
B. Limitation of the Study ..........................................................4
C. Problem Statements
..........................................................4
D. Objective of the Study
..........................................................5
E. Significance of the Study..........................................................5
F. Research Paper Organization....................................................6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE..............................7
A. Previous Study ......................................................................7
B. Error Analysis
.......................................................................13
1. Notion of Error analysis.......................................................13
2. Pedagogical Purpose of Error Analysis ...............................13
3. The Classification of Error...................................................14
4. The Error Identification .......................................................18
5. Sources of Error ..................................................................19
C. English Text
......................................................................20
1. Notion of English Text.........................................................20
;,,,
2. Type of English Text.....................................................20
3. Descriptive Text.............................................................22
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD..........................................................24
A. Type of the Study ..................................................................24
B. Object of the Study ................................................................24
C. Data and Data Source ............................................................25
D. Method of Collecting Data ....................................................25
E. Data Validity ..........................................................................25
F. Technique for Analyzing Data ..............................................26
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ........................27
A. Research Finding...................................................................27
1. Type of Morphological Error ...........................................27
2. Type of Syntactical Error .................................................28
3. Type of Discourse Error ...................................................39
4. The Frequency of Error ....................................................41
5. Source of Error .................................................................42
B. Discussion ...........................................................................44
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION AND
SUGGESTION ........................................................................54
A. Conclusion .............................................................................54
B. Pedagogical Implication .........................................................55
C. Suggestion .............................................................................56
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...............................................................................................58
APPENDIXES ..................................................................................................60
Appendix 1 Real Composition
Appendix 2 The Types of Error
;,9