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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Novel
Shaw 1972:189 says, “Novel is a lenghty ficitious prose narrative portraying character and presenting an organized series of events and settings. “A
work of fiction with fewer than 30.000 to 40.000 words is usually considered as a short story, novellete, or tale but the novel has no actual maximum length. Novels
typically have more characters than a short story and a more complicated plot that might take place in various settings, sometimes over a period of months or years.
Novels do not present a documentary picture of life. Alongside the fact that novels look at people in society, the other major characteristic of the genre is
that novels tell a story. In fact, novels tend to tell the same few storied repeatedly. A novel is an extended work of prose fiction, longer than a short story or a
medium-length fiction. Called a novelette or novella. Novel is a work of someone who is the outpouring of ideas and feeling. To devote ideas and feelings, the
author is authored by considering the elements of novel such as plot, character, theme, setting, point of view, and style are used to development of novel. Through
of these, the readers can understand and analyze the novel. They have a linked and always effect the character. Therefore, we must understand the elements of the
novel. The first element of novel is plot. Shaw 1972:211 says, “plot is a plan or
scheme to accomplish a purpose”. Sequence of a story or event is organized very well. So, the plot is the way of the author to build a row of events with respect to
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
7 the cause and effect so it is a part of unity. Rounded, and completely to achieve a
goal. In literature, plot refers to the arrangements of events to achieve an intended effect. A plot is a series of carefully devised and interrelated action that progresses
through a struggle of opposing forces to a climax and a denouement. Plot is linked to character development. There is an important difference plot and story. Story is
a simple sequence of events in time, event plot is the way these events are rendered and organized so as to achieve their particular effects.
The second element of the novel is character. Character is person used by to author to carry the action, ideas, language and emotion of the story. Character
was a formal sketch or descriptive analysis of a particular virtue or vice as represented in a person, what is now more often called a character sketch. The
author can describe the character from physical appearance and attitude. Through the character, the author tells the story to the readers. The readers need to observe
the action, to listen what the character say and how they say it, to understand how they relate to other character and how other character respond them.
The third element of novel is theme. Shaw 1972:273 says that theme is the central and dominating idea in a literary work. In the novel, the theme is the
central idea that develop in the plot. Almost all the major ideas that exist in life can be a theme such as : ambition, loyalty, jealousy, frustation, hypocricy,
fortitude, and other. Theme has to do with that the readers read as the story’s point, message, function or implied view of live and conduct.
The fourth element of novel is setting. Setting is simply the time and the place of story, and in most of cases the details of description are given to the
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8 reader directly by the narrator. Setting is a description of the time, place, and
atmosphere that occurs in the novel. The fifth element of novel is point of view. Point of view refers to the
position and stance of the voice, or speaker, that author adopt for their works. Point of view is a specified position or method of considered on and appraisal. It
suppose a living narrator or person who tells. The sixth element of novel is style. Stanton 2007:1800 says the style
from the Latin word stillus, means the way author assemble words to tell the story, develop the argument, dramatize the play, or compose the poem.
2.2 Puritanism
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