STRATEGIES OF TRANSLATING LIVE METAPHORS IN HARRY POTTER AND THE CHAMBER OF SECRETS INTO INDONESIAN.
STRATEGIES OF TRANSLATING LIVE METAPHORS IN HARRY
POTTER AND THE CHAMBER OF SECRETS INTO INDONESIAN
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Magister Humaniora
By:
MARIANA
Registration Number: 8136111041
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
NORTH SUMATERA
MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Mariana. Strategies of Translating Live Metaphors in Harry Potter and
the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian. Thesis. English Applied
Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate School. State University of
Medan (UNIMED). 2016
This study investigated the strategies of translating the live
metaphors in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian.
The objectives of the study namely: 1) to find out the problems of
translating live metaphors in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into
Indonesian. 2) To describe the strategies applied in translating the live
metaphors in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian.
This research was conducted by descriptive qualitative research. The
source of data was the novel of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
and its translation in Indonesia. The data were the utterances of live
metaphor in the novel. The findings showed that there were several
problems of translating, namely: 1) language differs in how frequently
metaphors are used and in how easily new metaphors are create in the
language, 2) the point of similarity is implicit and hard to identify, 3) the
point of similarity is understand differently in some culture from another,
4) the receptor language does not make comparison of the type which
occurs in the source text, 5) the image used in metaphor may be unknown
in the target language. The dominant one was language differs in how
frequently metaphors are used and in how easily new metaphors are create
in the language. And several strategies, namely: 1) translating into simile,
2) keeping the metaphorical image, 3) substituting metaphor of the
receptor language which has the same meaning, 4) and translating the
meaning of the metaphor without keeping the metaphorical image, and the
dominant one was translating the metaphor into simile.
i
ABSTRAK
Mariana. Strategies of Translating Live Metaphors in Harry Potter
and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian. Tesis. Program Studi
Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana.
Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED). 2016
Penelitian ini menginvestigasi strategi penerjemahan live Metaphor
dalam Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets kedalam bahasa Indonesia.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Untuk menemukan masalah dalam
penerjemahan live metaphor dalam Harry Potter and the Chamber of
Secrets kedalam bahasa Indonesia. 2) Untuk menggambarkan strategi yang
diterapkan dalam penerjemahan live metaphor dalam Harry Potter and the
Chamber of Secrets kedalam bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini
adalah novel Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret dan bahasa
Indonesianya. Data penelitian ini adalah ujaran-ujaran live metaphor
dalam novel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa
masalah, yaitu: 1) Perbedaan bahasa dalam seberapa sering metaphor
digunakan dan seberapa mudah metaphor diciptakan dalam bahasa, 2)
Titik kemiripan tersirat dan susah di identifikasi, 3) Titik kemiripan di
pahami berbeda dalam beberapa budaya dari yang lain, 4) Penerima
bahasa target tidak membuat perbandingan dari tipe yang terjadi dalam
bahasa sumber, 5) Image yang di gunakan dalam metaphor mungkin tidak
diketahui dalam bahasa sumber. Yang paling dominan adalah perbedaan
bahasa dalam seberapa sering metaphor digunakan dan seberapa mudah
metaphor di ciptakan dalam bahasa. Dan beberapa stategi, yaitu: 1)
Menerjemahkan metaphor kedalama simile, 2) Tetap pada image
metaphor, 3) Mengganti metaphor dari penerima bahasa yang mempunyai
arti yang sama, 4) Menerjemahkan arti metaphor tanpa mengganti image
metaphor dan yang paling domiman adalah menerjemahkan metaphor
kedalam simile.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
The writer would like to express her deep devotion and thanks to
the almighty Allah SWT, for everything that has given to the writer in
completing her academic studies and this thesis. Shalawat and Salam to
Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu’alaihiwasallam as the messenger that he
has brought the humans from the darkness to the lightness.
In the process of completing this thesis, there are many people who
have assisted her with advice and suggestions, it would be impossible to
name all at some deserve the honor to be noted.
Firstly, the writer would like to express her gratitude to Professor. Dr.
Syahron Lubis, M.A., as her first adviser for the guidance, assistant,
encouragement and valuable suggestions and critics from these great
heroes in education, in the process of writing this thesis.
Secondly, the writer would like to express her gratitude to Dr.
Zainuddin, M.Hum., as her second adviser for his available spent time for
consultation, great supervision and full support in shaping this thesis.
The writer would also like to express her gratitude to the head of
English Applied Linguistics Program, Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed., and his
secretary Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum and Farid Ma’ruf who has
assisted her in the process of administration requirement during the
process of her study in the postgraduate program.
She would like to take special occasion to express her gratitude to
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M.Hum., and Dr.
iii
Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum., being her reviewers and examiners for the
valuable inputs to be include in this thesis. Furthermore, she would like to
express her high appreciation to all lectures of English Applied Linguistics
Study Program UNIMED Medan, who have shared their knowledge and
experience during her studies.
The writer’s special appreciate go to her beloved parents Mr.
Sagiono and Mrs. Ginah, her beloved sisters Sri Apriani and Fitri Yanti,
her beloved brother Shopiyan Syah Putra for their love and support and
her lovely nephew and niece Khansa Aulia Saragih and Salim Muhammad
Aqsa Saragih for their cheerfulness that made the writer always spirit in
doing this thesis. A special thank to her beloved man, for his great
attention, love and support.
The writer also appreciate a thankfulness for all her colleagues
especially in class A2 of English Applied Linguistics in take XXIII, and
her other friends Horia, Misla, Ingrid, Syarifah, Dewi and other friends
who gave thought, support in order to completing this thesis.
The writer strongly believe that this thesis is far from being perfect
and has some weaknesses; therefore critics and suggestions are
appreciated, while any shortcomings, lack of information and mistakes are
the responsibility of the writer.
Medan,
September 2016
MARIANA
NIM. 8136111041
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...................................................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................ v
CHAPTER I.INTRODUCTION............................................................................ 1
1.1 The Background of the Study ............................................................................. 1
1.2 The Problems of the Study.................................................................................. 5
1.3 The Objectives of the Study................................................................................ 5
1.4 The Scope of the Study ....................................................................................... 5
1.5 The Significance of the Study ............................................................................. 5
CHAPTER II.REVIEW LITERATURE .............................................................. 7
2.1 Theoretical Framework ...................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 Theory of Translation................................................................................. 7
2.1.2Metaphor ..................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3 Types of Metaphor ..................................................................................... 15
2.1.4 Classificationof Metaphor.......................................................................... 17
2.1.5Identifying Metaphor .................................................................................. 21
2.1.6 Analyzing Metaphor................................................................................... 22
2.1.7The Function of Metaphor .......................................................................... 24
2.1.8The Problems of Translating Metaphor ...................................................... 25
2.1.9The Strategies Used for Translating Metaphor ........................................... 27
2.2 Relevant Studies............................................................................................ 30
2.3 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................. 38
v
CHAPTER III. METHOD OF RESEARCH ....................................................... 41
3.1 Research Method ............................................................................................... 41
3.2 Data and Source of Data.................................................................................... 41
3.3 Research Instrument .......................................................................................... 42
3.4 Technique of Collecting Data............................................................................ 42
3.5 Technique of Analyzing Data............................................................................ 42
3.6 Trustworthiness of the Study............................................................................. 44
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, RESEARCH FINDINGS, AND
DISCUSSION .............................................................................. 46
4.1 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................... 46
4.1.1 The Problems of Translating Live Metaphors .............................................. 48
4.1.1.1 The Utterances of the Image Used in Metaphors may be
Unknown in the Target Language........................................................ 49
4.1.1.2 The Point of Similarity is Implicit and Hard to Identified .................... 50
4.1.1.3 The Point of Similarity is Understand and Differently in Some
Culture from Another........................................................................... 50
4.1.1.4 The Receptor Language does not Make Comparison of the
Type which Occurs in the Source Text ................................................ 51
4.1.1.5 Language differs in how Frequently Metaphors are Used and
in How Easily New Metaphors are Create in the Language ................ 51
4.1.2 The Strategies in Translating Live Metaphors in Harry Potter and
the Chamber of Secrets................................................................................ 53
4.1.2.1 Keeping the Metaphorical Image ............................................................ 54
4.1.2.2 Translating into Simile............................................................................ 54
vi
4.1.2.3 Substituting Metaphor of the Receptor Language which has the
same Meaning ......................................................................................... 55
4.1.2.4 Translating the Meaning of the Metaphors without Keeping the
Metaphorical Image ................................................................................ 56
4.2 Research Findings ............................................................................................... 58
4.3 Discussion ........................................................................................................... 59
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ......................................... 61
5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 61
5.2 Suggestion ........................................................................................................... 62
REFERENCES........................................................................................................ 64
APPENDIX .............................................................................................................. 68
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 4.1 The proportion of problems in translating live metaphors in
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian...................... 52
Table 4.1 The proportion of strategies in translating live metaphors in
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian...................... 57
viii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix ................................................................................................................. 68
Appendix 1. The problems of translating live metaphors ......................................... 72
Appendix 2. The strategies of translating live metaphors......................................... 79
ix
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Generally a novel uses a figurative language. Figurative language is
used in any form of communication, such as in daily conversation, articles in
newspaper, advertisements, novels, poems, etc. Perrine (1982) states the
effectiveness of figurative language is in four main reasons. First, figurative
language affords readers imaginative pleasure of literary works. Second, it is a
way of bringing additional imagery into verse, making abstract concrete,
making literary works more sensuous. The third, figurative language is a way
of adding emotional intensity to otherwise merely informative statements and
conveying attitudes along with information. And the last, it is a way of saying
much in brief compass. She divides figurative language into seven types,
namely metaphor, simile, personification, metonymy, paradox, overstatement,
understatement, irony and illusion.
Metaphor is considered by linguist as the most basic where one object
is used to describe another object and both objects are essentially disparate
entities, but common in one or more attributes (Encarta Dictionary). In other
words, metaphor is use of a word or a phrase for the purpose of suggesting a
likeness between the two.
In literature, metaphor as one of the stylistic elements does not merely
convey ideas, in addition it also function as a tool for literally writers to
embellish and give colors to their works. With the presence of the stylistic
elements, including metaphor, writers always try to maximize it to reveal their
uniqueness. Concerning the semantic conventions, many violations are
1
2
conspicuous in terms of using such style of language. Metaphor is also used
widely in philosophy, religion, politics, commerce, history and art.
The use of According to Larson (1998: 274), there are two types of
metaphor, namely dead metaphor and live metaphor. Dead metaphors are
those which are part of constructions of lexicon of the language. When they
are used, the person who listens or reads does not think about the primary
sense of the words, but only idiomatic sense directly. Dead metaphor is
commonly defined as a metaphor which has lost its metaphorical sense. For
example, ‘leg of the table’ is an idiom. Live metaphor, on the contrary, is
defined as a metaphor which can be identified by its readers after they give
special attention to the primary meaning of the words which are used
metaphorically.
The use of metaphor can also be found in the novel. Larson (1998)
divides translation into two types, they are ‘literal translation’ which is a formbased translation attempting to follow the form of the source language and
‘idiomatic translation’ which is a meaning-based translation that makes effort
to communicate the meaning of the source language text in natural form of the
receptor language. The strategies used in translating live metaphors in the
novel are analyzed based on Larson theory, whether they are translated by
keeping the metaphorical image, translated into simile, substituted metaphor
of the receptor language which has the same meaning, translated into
metaphor and explain the meaning, or translated the meaning of the metaphor
without keeping the metaphorical imagery (non-figurative meaning).
For example:
3
1. SL: The lift doors opened; the old witch with the anthill hair left and
Ron darted past her out of sight. (pg.284)
TL: pintu lift terbuka, si penyihir wanita tua dengan rambut sarang
semut keluar dan ron melesat melewatinya, lenyap dari pandangan.
(pg.339)
2. SL: Mundungus Fletcher is small, dirty and hangdog with his droopy,
basset hound’s eyes and matted hair. (pg.56)
TL: Mundungus Fletcher, kecil, kotor, dan muram, dengan matanya
yang redup seperti mata anjing Basset dan rambutnya yang kusut.
(pg.69)
3. SL: Voldemort was dead, killed by his own rebounding curse, and
Harry stood with two wands in his hand, staring down at his enemy’s
shell. (pg.815)
TL: Voldemort sudah mati, terbunuh oleh kutukannya yang berbalik,
dan Harry berdiri dengan dua tongkat sihir di tangannya, menunduk
memandangi jasad musuhnya. (pg.981)
From the example of live metaphors in the novel above, there are some
strategies applied by the translator. 1) This is the example that the translator
preferred to translate a live metaphor without changing the metaphorical
image, 2) In this example, the translator chose to translate this metaphor into
simile by adding word ‘seperti’ means ‘like’, 3) In this situation, the translator
chose to translate the meaning of the metaphor without keeping the
metaphorical imagery. Non-figuratively translation pattern is applied in this
live metaphor.
4
There are many researchers which have conducted the research related
to strategies in translating metaphor for example; Xuedong (2014) conducted a
research of The Strategy of Metaphor Translation: Domestication or
Foreignization. She found that different elements such as the contextual
factors of the SL text, the consideration of referential accuracy, the reader’s
acceptability and the pragmatic economy can decide the way whether to use
foreignizing or domesticating strategy. There are some obstacles in translating
of metaphors, but the method if the translation of metaphor is reasonable
within the common theory of translation. Domestication translation and
foreignization translation have a relationship of dialectical unity and the use of
them depends on the need of translation practice. Then Bojovic (2014)
conducted Strategies of Metaphor Translation. She said that metaphors were
reflected on with respect to translatability or what was lost in translating them,
their originality, cultural background or TL language richness. Metaphors are
also culture-specific; they cannot be transferred intact from a source language
(SL) to target language (TL).
Based on the phenomenon above, then the researcher is interested to
identify the translation of live metaphor from English into Indonesian. The
focus of the study is to find out the strategy of translating live metaphors in
the novel of “Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets” by J.K Rowling into
“Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia” by Listiana Srisanti. Larson’s theory will
be used to analyze the live metaphors collected in this translation.
5
1.1 The Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study, there are some questions
formulated as the following:
1. What translation problems are found in translating live metaphors in
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian?
2. What strategies are applied by the translator in translating live
metaphors in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into
Indonesian?
1.2 The Objectives of the Study
1. To find out the problems of translating live metaphors in Harry Potter and
the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian.
2. To describe the strategies applied in the translation live metaphors in
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian.
1.3 The Scope of the Study
This study was focused on the problems of translation, translation
strategies and the choice of such strategies in translating live metaphors in the
novel Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into their translation in
Indonesian.
1.4 The Significances of the Study
The outcome of the study is expected to give theoretical and practical
significances. Theoretically, this study will useful for learning the translation
of metaphor particularly from English into Indonesian and this study will
6
inspire those who would like to do similar research along with the progress of
science in general.
Practically, the study is expected to give constructive feedback to the
translator and students of English, particularly those who are much involved in
the translation of English works.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
After analyzing the data collected from the novel Harry Potter
and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian, the researcher now can
draw two conclusions as follows:
1. There are several problems of translating live metaphors
(language differs in how frequently metaphors are used and in
how easily new metaphors are created in the language, the
point of similarity is implicit and hard to identify, the point of
similarity is understood differently in some culture from
another, the receptor language does not make comparison of
the type which occur in the source text, the image used in
metaphor may be unknown in the target language) found in the
novel Harry potter and the Chamber of Secrets and the
language differs in how frequently metaphors are used and in
how easily new metaphors are create in the language was
dominant.
2. There are some strategies of translating live metaphors
(translating into simile, keeping the metaphorical image,
substituting metaphor of the receptor language which has the
same meaning and translating the meaning of the metaphor
without keeping the metaphorical image) found in the novel
61
62
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and the dominant one
was translating the metaphor into simile.
5.2 Suggestion
This sub-chapter is intended for those who are supposed to
engage with this research. They are clearly explained as follows.
1. For other researchers. This research is lack of data since there are
only 27 data found in this research. Thus, it is suggested to other
researchers to seek the other source of data which have more
numbers of data containing metaphorical expressions. Besides, it
is better to use other techniques or theories in conducting the
research both in terms of translation and metaphorical
expressions so it could be compared to this research.
2. For academic society. It is better for the academic society in the
same field, which is to say the translation study, to use the
techniques or the translation quality assessment as the reference
to study. The students of translation could also make a research
which deals with the translation of literary works since it is rarely
found. It could be a challenge for the students to translate the
literary works using the techniques used in this research. Also,
the translation quality assessment is given in order to announce
that a translation product should be accurate, acceptable, and
readable. Thus, it is better to measure a product of translation
63
using the translation quality assessment or other related
assessment.
3. For the translators. It is intended to announce the translators to
consider the technique used in translating literary works or some
expressions containing figure of speech. A translator should
choose and considers the best technique to translate certain
expressions. This will lead to the quality of the translation. The
better translation technique is chosen, the higher level of quality
will be reached.
64
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POTTER AND THE CHAMBER OF SECRETS INTO INDONESIAN
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Magister Humaniora
By:
MARIANA
Registration Number: 8136111041
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
NORTH SUMATERA
MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Mariana. Strategies of Translating Live Metaphors in Harry Potter and
the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian. Thesis. English Applied
Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate School. State University of
Medan (UNIMED). 2016
This study investigated the strategies of translating the live
metaphors in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian.
The objectives of the study namely: 1) to find out the problems of
translating live metaphors in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into
Indonesian. 2) To describe the strategies applied in translating the live
metaphors in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian.
This research was conducted by descriptive qualitative research. The
source of data was the novel of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
and its translation in Indonesia. The data were the utterances of live
metaphor in the novel. The findings showed that there were several
problems of translating, namely: 1) language differs in how frequently
metaphors are used and in how easily new metaphors are create in the
language, 2) the point of similarity is implicit and hard to identify, 3) the
point of similarity is understand differently in some culture from another,
4) the receptor language does not make comparison of the type which
occurs in the source text, 5) the image used in metaphor may be unknown
in the target language. The dominant one was language differs in how
frequently metaphors are used and in how easily new metaphors are create
in the language. And several strategies, namely: 1) translating into simile,
2) keeping the metaphorical image, 3) substituting metaphor of the
receptor language which has the same meaning, 4) and translating the
meaning of the metaphor without keeping the metaphorical image, and the
dominant one was translating the metaphor into simile.
i
ABSTRAK
Mariana. Strategies of Translating Live Metaphors in Harry Potter
and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian. Tesis. Program Studi
Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana.
Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED). 2016
Penelitian ini menginvestigasi strategi penerjemahan live Metaphor
dalam Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets kedalam bahasa Indonesia.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Untuk menemukan masalah dalam
penerjemahan live metaphor dalam Harry Potter and the Chamber of
Secrets kedalam bahasa Indonesia. 2) Untuk menggambarkan strategi yang
diterapkan dalam penerjemahan live metaphor dalam Harry Potter and the
Chamber of Secrets kedalam bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini
adalah novel Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret dan bahasa
Indonesianya. Data penelitian ini adalah ujaran-ujaran live metaphor
dalam novel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa
masalah, yaitu: 1) Perbedaan bahasa dalam seberapa sering metaphor
digunakan dan seberapa mudah metaphor diciptakan dalam bahasa, 2)
Titik kemiripan tersirat dan susah di identifikasi, 3) Titik kemiripan di
pahami berbeda dalam beberapa budaya dari yang lain, 4) Penerima
bahasa target tidak membuat perbandingan dari tipe yang terjadi dalam
bahasa sumber, 5) Image yang di gunakan dalam metaphor mungkin tidak
diketahui dalam bahasa sumber. Yang paling dominan adalah perbedaan
bahasa dalam seberapa sering metaphor digunakan dan seberapa mudah
metaphor di ciptakan dalam bahasa. Dan beberapa stategi, yaitu: 1)
Menerjemahkan metaphor kedalama simile, 2) Tetap pada image
metaphor, 3) Mengganti metaphor dari penerima bahasa yang mempunyai
arti yang sama, 4) Menerjemahkan arti metaphor tanpa mengganti image
metaphor dan yang paling domiman adalah menerjemahkan metaphor
kedalam simile.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
The writer would like to express her deep devotion and thanks to
the almighty Allah SWT, for everything that has given to the writer in
completing her academic studies and this thesis. Shalawat and Salam to
Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu’alaihiwasallam as the messenger that he
has brought the humans from the darkness to the lightness.
In the process of completing this thesis, there are many people who
have assisted her with advice and suggestions, it would be impossible to
name all at some deserve the honor to be noted.
Firstly, the writer would like to express her gratitude to Professor. Dr.
Syahron Lubis, M.A., as her first adviser for the guidance, assistant,
encouragement and valuable suggestions and critics from these great
heroes in education, in the process of writing this thesis.
Secondly, the writer would like to express her gratitude to Dr.
Zainuddin, M.Hum., as her second adviser for his available spent time for
consultation, great supervision and full support in shaping this thesis.
The writer would also like to express her gratitude to the head of
English Applied Linguistics Program, Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed., and his
secretary Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum and Farid Ma’ruf who has
assisted her in the process of administration requirement during the
process of her study in the postgraduate program.
She would like to take special occasion to express her gratitude to
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M.Hum., and Dr.
iii
Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum., being her reviewers and examiners for the
valuable inputs to be include in this thesis. Furthermore, she would like to
express her high appreciation to all lectures of English Applied Linguistics
Study Program UNIMED Medan, who have shared their knowledge and
experience during her studies.
The writer’s special appreciate go to her beloved parents Mr.
Sagiono and Mrs. Ginah, her beloved sisters Sri Apriani and Fitri Yanti,
her beloved brother Shopiyan Syah Putra for their love and support and
her lovely nephew and niece Khansa Aulia Saragih and Salim Muhammad
Aqsa Saragih for their cheerfulness that made the writer always spirit in
doing this thesis. A special thank to her beloved man, for his great
attention, love and support.
The writer also appreciate a thankfulness for all her colleagues
especially in class A2 of English Applied Linguistics in take XXIII, and
her other friends Horia, Misla, Ingrid, Syarifah, Dewi and other friends
who gave thought, support in order to completing this thesis.
The writer strongly believe that this thesis is far from being perfect
and has some weaknesses; therefore critics and suggestions are
appreciated, while any shortcomings, lack of information and mistakes are
the responsibility of the writer.
Medan,
September 2016
MARIANA
NIM. 8136111041
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...................................................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................ v
CHAPTER I.INTRODUCTION............................................................................ 1
1.1 The Background of the Study ............................................................................. 1
1.2 The Problems of the Study.................................................................................. 5
1.3 The Objectives of the Study................................................................................ 5
1.4 The Scope of the Study ....................................................................................... 5
1.5 The Significance of the Study ............................................................................. 5
CHAPTER II.REVIEW LITERATURE .............................................................. 7
2.1 Theoretical Framework ...................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 Theory of Translation................................................................................. 7
2.1.2Metaphor ..................................................................................................... 12
2.1.3 Types of Metaphor ..................................................................................... 15
2.1.4 Classificationof Metaphor.......................................................................... 17
2.1.5Identifying Metaphor .................................................................................. 21
2.1.6 Analyzing Metaphor................................................................................... 22
2.1.7The Function of Metaphor .......................................................................... 24
2.1.8The Problems of Translating Metaphor ...................................................... 25
2.1.9The Strategies Used for Translating Metaphor ........................................... 27
2.2 Relevant Studies............................................................................................ 30
2.3 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................. 38
v
CHAPTER III. METHOD OF RESEARCH ....................................................... 41
3.1 Research Method ............................................................................................... 41
3.2 Data and Source of Data.................................................................................... 41
3.3 Research Instrument .......................................................................................... 42
3.4 Technique of Collecting Data............................................................................ 42
3.5 Technique of Analyzing Data............................................................................ 42
3.6 Trustworthiness of the Study............................................................................. 44
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, RESEARCH FINDINGS, AND
DISCUSSION .............................................................................. 46
4.1 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................... 46
4.1.1 The Problems of Translating Live Metaphors .............................................. 48
4.1.1.1 The Utterances of the Image Used in Metaphors may be
Unknown in the Target Language........................................................ 49
4.1.1.2 The Point of Similarity is Implicit and Hard to Identified .................... 50
4.1.1.3 The Point of Similarity is Understand and Differently in Some
Culture from Another........................................................................... 50
4.1.1.4 The Receptor Language does not Make Comparison of the
Type which Occurs in the Source Text ................................................ 51
4.1.1.5 Language differs in how Frequently Metaphors are Used and
in How Easily New Metaphors are Create in the Language ................ 51
4.1.2 The Strategies in Translating Live Metaphors in Harry Potter and
the Chamber of Secrets................................................................................ 53
4.1.2.1 Keeping the Metaphorical Image ............................................................ 54
4.1.2.2 Translating into Simile............................................................................ 54
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4.1.2.3 Substituting Metaphor of the Receptor Language which has the
same Meaning ......................................................................................... 55
4.1.2.4 Translating the Meaning of the Metaphors without Keeping the
Metaphorical Image ................................................................................ 56
4.2 Research Findings ............................................................................................... 58
4.3 Discussion ........................................................................................................... 59
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ......................................... 61
5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 61
5.2 Suggestion ........................................................................................................... 62
REFERENCES........................................................................................................ 64
APPENDIX .............................................................................................................. 68
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 4.1 The proportion of problems in translating live metaphors in
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian...................... 52
Table 4.1 The proportion of strategies in translating live metaphors in
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian...................... 57
viii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix ................................................................................................................. 68
Appendix 1. The problems of translating live metaphors ......................................... 72
Appendix 2. The strategies of translating live metaphors......................................... 79
ix
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Generally a novel uses a figurative language. Figurative language is
used in any form of communication, such as in daily conversation, articles in
newspaper, advertisements, novels, poems, etc. Perrine (1982) states the
effectiveness of figurative language is in four main reasons. First, figurative
language affords readers imaginative pleasure of literary works. Second, it is a
way of bringing additional imagery into verse, making abstract concrete,
making literary works more sensuous. The third, figurative language is a way
of adding emotional intensity to otherwise merely informative statements and
conveying attitudes along with information. And the last, it is a way of saying
much in brief compass. She divides figurative language into seven types,
namely metaphor, simile, personification, metonymy, paradox, overstatement,
understatement, irony and illusion.
Metaphor is considered by linguist as the most basic where one object
is used to describe another object and both objects are essentially disparate
entities, but common in one or more attributes (Encarta Dictionary). In other
words, metaphor is use of a word or a phrase for the purpose of suggesting a
likeness between the two.
In literature, metaphor as one of the stylistic elements does not merely
convey ideas, in addition it also function as a tool for literally writers to
embellish and give colors to their works. With the presence of the stylistic
elements, including metaphor, writers always try to maximize it to reveal their
uniqueness. Concerning the semantic conventions, many violations are
1
2
conspicuous in terms of using such style of language. Metaphor is also used
widely in philosophy, religion, politics, commerce, history and art.
The use of According to Larson (1998: 274), there are two types of
metaphor, namely dead metaphor and live metaphor. Dead metaphors are
those which are part of constructions of lexicon of the language. When they
are used, the person who listens or reads does not think about the primary
sense of the words, but only idiomatic sense directly. Dead metaphor is
commonly defined as a metaphor which has lost its metaphorical sense. For
example, ‘leg of the table’ is an idiom. Live metaphor, on the contrary, is
defined as a metaphor which can be identified by its readers after they give
special attention to the primary meaning of the words which are used
metaphorically.
The use of metaphor can also be found in the novel. Larson (1998)
divides translation into two types, they are ‘literal translation’ which is a formbased translation attempting to follow the form of the source language and
‘idiomatic translation’ which is a meaning-based translation that makes effort
to communicate the meaning of the source language text in natural form of the
receptor language. The strategies used in translating live metaphors in the
novel are analyzed based on Larson theory, whether they are translated by
keeping the metaphorical image, translated into simile, substituted metaphor
of the receptor language which has the same meaning, translated into
metaphor and explain the meaning, or translated the meaning of the metaphor
without keeping the metaphorical imagery (non-figurative meaning).
For example:
3
1. SL: The lift doors opened; the old witch with the anthill hair left and
Ron darted past her out of sight. (pg.284)
TL: pintu lift terbuka, si penyihir wanita tua dengan rambut sarang
semut keluar dan ron melesat melewatinya, lenyap dari pandangan.
(pg.339)
2. SL: Mundungus Fletcher is small, dirty and hangdog with his droopy,
basset hound’s eyes and matted hair. (pg.56)
TL: Mundungus Fletcher, kecil, kotor, dan muram, dengan matanya
yang redup seperti mata anjing Basset dan rambutnya yang kusut.
(pg.69)
3. SL: Voldemort was dead, killed by his own rebounding curse, and
Harry stood with two wands in his hand, staring down at his enemy’s
shell. (pg.815)
TL: Voldemort sudah mati, terbunuh oleh kutukannya yang berbalik,
dan Harry berdiri dengan dua tongkat sihir di tangannya, menunduk
memandangi jasad musuhnya. (pg.981)
From the example of live metaphors in the novel above, there are some
strategies applied by the translator. 1) This is the example that the translator
preferred to translate a live metaphor without changing the metaphorical
image, 2) In this example, the translator chose to translate this metaphor into
simile by adding word ‘seperti’ means ‘like’, 3) In this situation, the translator
chose to translate the meaning of the metaphor without keeping the
metaphorical imagery. Non-figuratively translation pattern is applied in this
live metaphor.
4
There are many researchers which have conducted the research related
to strategies in translating metaphor for example; Xuedong (2014) conducted a
research of The Strategy of Metaphor Translation: Domestication or
Foreignization. She found that different elements such as the contextual
factors of the SL text, the consideration of referential accuracy, the reader’s
acceptability and the pragmatic economy can decide the way whether to use
foreignizing or domesticating strategy. There are some obstacles in translating
of metaphors, but the method if the translation of metaphor is reasonable
within the common theory of translation. Domestication translation and
foreignization translation have a relationship of dialectical unity and the use of
them depends on the need of translation practice. Then Bojovic (2014)
conducted Strategies of Metaphor Translation. She said that metaphors were
reflected on with respect to translatability or what was lost in translating them,
their originality, cultural background or TL language richness. Metaphors are
also culture-specific; they cannot be transferred intact from a source language
(SL) to target language (TL).
Based on the phenomenon above, then the researcher is interested to
identify the translation of live metaphor from English into Indonesian. The
focus of the study is to find out the strategy of translating live metaphors in
the novel of “Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets” by J.K Rowling into
“Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia” by Listiana Srisanti. Larson’s theory will
be used to analyze the live metaphors collected in this translation.
5
1.1 The Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study, there are some questions
formulated as the following:
1. What translation problems are found in translating live metaphors in
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian?
2. What strategies are applied by the translator in translating live
metaphors in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into
Indonesian?
1.2 The Objectives of the Study
1. To find out the problems of translating live metaphors in Harry Potter and
the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian.
2. To describe the strategies applied in the translation live metaphors in
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian.
1.3 The Scope of the Study
This study was focused on the problems of translation, translation
strategies and the choice of such strategies in translating live metaphors in the
novel Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into their translation in
Indonesian.
1.4 The Significances of the Study
The outcome of the study is expected to give theoretical and practical
significances. Theoretically, this study will useful for learning the translation
of metaphor particularly from English into Indonesian and this study will
6
inspire those who would like to do similar research along with the progress of
science in general.
Practically, the study is expected to give constructive feedback to the
translator and students of English, particularly those who are much involved in
the translation of English works.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
After analyzing the data collected from the novel Harry Potter
and the Chamber of Secrets into Indonesian, the researcher now can
draw two conclusions as follows:
1. There are several problems of translating live metaphors
(language differs in how frequently metaphors are used and in
how easily new metaphors are created in the language, the
point of similarity is implicit and hard to identify, the point of
similarity is understood differently in some culture from
another, the receptor language does not make comparison of
the type which occur in the source text, the image used in
metaphor may be unknown in the target language) found in the
novel Harry potter and the Chamber of Secrets and the
language differs in how frequently metaphors are used and in
how easily new metaphors are create in the language was
dominant.
2. There are some strategies of translating live metaphors
(translating into simile, keeping the metaphorical image,
substituting metaphor of the receptor language which has the
same meaning and translating the meaning of the metaphor
without keeping the metaphorical image) found in the novel
61
62
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and the dominant one
was translating the metaphor into simile.
5.2 Suggestion
This sub-chapter is intended for those who are supposed to
engage with this research. They are clearly explained as follows.
1. For other researchers. This research is lack of data since there are
only 27 data found in this research. Thus, it is suggested to other
researchers to seek the other source of data which have more
numbers of data containing metaphorical expressions. Besides, it
is better to use other techniques or theories in conducting the
research both in terms of translation and metaphorical
expressions so it could be compared to this research.
2. For academic society. It is better for the academic society in the
same field, which is to say the translation study, to use the
techniques or the translation quality assessment as the reference
to study. The students of translation could also make a research
which deals with the translation of literary works since it is rarely
found. It could be a challenge for the students to translate the
literary works using the techniques used in this research. Also,
the translation quality assessment is given in order to announce
that a translation product should be accurate, acceptable, and
readable. Thus, it is better to measure a product of translation
63
using the translation quality assessment or other related
assessment.
3. For the translators. It is intended to announce the translators to
consider the technique used in translating literary works or some
expressions containing figure of speech. A translator should
choose and considers the best technique to translate certain
expressions. This will lead to the quality of the translation. The
better translation technique is chosen, the higher level of quality
will be reached.
64
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