THE TYPES OF ENGLISH SENTENCES OF READING TEXT ON “ACTIVE ENGLISH 5” COURSE BOOK FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF THE FIFTH GRADE
THE TYPES OF ENGLISH SENTENCES OF
READING TEXT ON “ACTIVE ENGLISH 5” COURSE BOOK
FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF THE FIFTH GRADE
THESIS
By:
KHOTIBUL UMAMI 08360117
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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THE TYPES OF ENGLISH SENTENCES OF
READING TEXT ON “ACTIVE ENGLISH 5” COURSE BOOK
FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF THE FIFTH GRADE
THESIS
By:
KHOTIBUL UMAMI
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
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THE TYPES OF ENGLISH SENTENCES OF
READING TEXT ON “ACTIVE ENGLISH 5” COURSE BOOK
FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF THE FIFTH GRADE
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree English Education
By
KHOTIBUL UMAMI 08360117
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO :
DEDICATION:
I dedicated this thesis to:
My beloved Father and mother, My brother and my sister, And my lovely husband,
Selalu berusaha mengangkat apa yang terbaik yang ada
pada orang lain, maka anda akan disambut dengan baik
dimanapun anda pergi
Allah does not charge a soul except (with that in) its
capacity. (QS. Al-Baqarah:286)
Sebaik-baik manusia adalah mereka yang bermanfaat
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THE TYPES OF ENGLISH SENTENCES OF
READING TEXT ON “ACTIVE ENGLISH 5” COURSE BOOK FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF THE FIFTH GRADE
ABSTRACT
This study is conducted to analyze types of English sentences in reading texts of English course book used by the fifth Grade of Elementary Students. This study is intended to identify the type of English sentences of the reading textbook and the type of English sentence are mostly used in the reading textbook. The course book consists of 14 reading texts, and the researcher takes all the texts as data.
This study used descriptive qualitative method, because this study described and analyzed the type of English sentences in reading texts on the course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade. The subject of the study are texts on “Active English 5” course book for elementary school of the fifth grade.
The results of the study were: (1) there are three types of sentences as the base of categorizing the data of research, namely: simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, (2) type of English sentence mostly used in reading textbook on the course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade was simple sentences because the course book was designed for Fifth Grade of Elementary level and the use of simple sentences in the reading passage was appropriate for the students to comprehend the content easily. There were 198 sentences found that comprise of 189 simple sentences, 6 compound sentences, and 3 complex sentences. The compound-complex sentence is not found from the data.
Key words. Type of English Sentences, Reading Texts, Course Book
Advisor I The Writer
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, the writer would like to thank to Allah SWT for blessing and merciful given so that the writer could finish this thesis. The writer also wants to send sholawat and greeting to his beloved prophet, Muhammad SAW, as the messenger of Allah who has showed the lightness era.
The researcher realizes that there are so many persons who are involved in the process of completing this thesis. Here she would like to express his gratitude to the persons who are involved, they are:
1. Drs. Soeparto, M. Pd. her first advisor and Riza Elfana, M.A. her second advisor, for their suggestions, invaluable guidance and advice during the consultation period, and their comments and correction during the completion this thesis.
2. Her beloved father Yusuf Wibisono and mother Khotimah who always give their support, prayers and affection to him.
3. Her brother Idrus Wibowo, Adam Wibisono and her sister Qori’ Imami,Siti A’isyah and Bana Hulia Husna thanks for your support and joke.
4. Her husband Moch. Ismail Yusron who always gives support and motivation to the writer, thanks for your patience and love. And her son Moch. Zahirudin Wafi, you are my dreams and my spirit.
5. Her best friend Hanifah Al- Hidayah, thanks for your help and encouragement. Finally, she expects that this thesis would be very helpful for the next research that will be done.
Malang, October 29, 2012
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ... iv
LEGALIZATION ... v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... vi
ABSTRACT ... vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ... 4
1.3 Purposes of the Study ... 4
1.4 Significance of the Study ... 4
1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 5
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ... 5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Sentence ... 7
2.2 Types of Sentence ... 9
2.2.1 Simple Sentence... 9
2.2.2 Compound Sentence ... 11
2.2.3 Complex Sentence ... 12
2.2.4 Compound-Complex Sentence ... 13
2.3 Clause ... 14
2.3.1 Noun Clause ... 15
2.3.2 Adverb Clause ... 17
2.3.3 Adjective Clause ... 19
2.4 Functions of Sentence ... 22
2.4.1 Declarative Sentence ... 22
2.4.2 Interrogative Sentence ... 23
2.4.3 Exclamatory Sentence ... 24
2.4.4 Imperative Sentence ... 25
2.5 Previous Studies ... 26
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 27
3.2 Research Subject ... 28
3.3 Data source ... 28
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3.5 Data Collection ... 28
3.5 Data Analysis ... 29
CHAPTER IV RESEACRH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Findings ... 30
4.1.1 The types of English sentence ... 30
4.1.2 Analysis of the Verb Pattern... 56
4.2 Discussion ... 57
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESSTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 60
5.2 Suggestions ... 61 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alfiati, Siti. 2007. Types of Sentence and Inter-Sentential Relationship of Advertisement Found in Newsweek Magazine. An Unpublished Thesis. English Department of UIN Malang.
Alternberg, Evelyn P and Robert M. Vago. 2010.English GrammarUnderstanding the Basic. An Unplublished Cambridge University Press.
Atho’illah, 2004. English Sentence used in segment of “ Different Ponds Different Fish” in KanGuru Magazine. Unpublished Thesis. UIN Malang.
Azar, B.S. 1999. Understanding and Using English Grammar. Third edition. New York. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regent.
Fadilah, U.N. 2008. English Sentence Types of Reading Text Book for Junior High School Grade VII. Unpublished Thesis. UIN Malang.
Fuadah, Nurul. 2003. A Study on the English Sentences Used in reader’s Problem Section on Hello Magazine. An Unpublished Thesis. UIN Malang.
Frank, (http://www.scribd.com/doc/52737079/TYPES-OF-SENTENCES). Accesed on 19 October 2011.
Greenbaum, Sidney and Gerald Nelson.2002 An Introduction to English. An person Education Limited.
Hornby, A.S. 1995. A Guide to Patterns and Usage in English. London: Oxford University Press.
Langan, John. 2009. Exploring Writing: Sentence and Paragraphs.New York: Mc
Graw-Hill.
Moleong, Lexy J. 2008. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Unpublished PT Remaja Rosda Karya. Bandung
Stainton, Robert J. (1998) “Quantifier Phrases, Meaningfulness, ‘in isolation’, and
Ellipsis”. Linguistics and Philosophy 21: 311–340.
Vespoor, Marjolijn, Kim Sauter. 2000, Sentence Analysis An Introductory Course. An
John Benjamin Publishing Company.
Warriner,2008. Language and Sentence Skills Practice Support . Holt, Rinehart And
Winston.
___________. 2006. (www.thefreedictionary.com/text) accessed on 11 September
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses six items namely background of the study, problem of the study, objective of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
English language is different from Indonesian language, especially inusing the sentence correctly; namely grammatical patterns. This difference often makes us difficult to understand the meaning of English or the message, which is conveyed. Therefore, learning English structure is very important to get the meaning or message of spoken and written information to add our knowledge and to communicate with others well.
Formally, the beginners learn English in the school. English course books become the media to help students in learning English. By using this book, students can learn and read the book to get information and add their knowledge. Therefore, to be able to comprehend the English formation, we cannot only concentrate on the vocabulary, but also the use of sentences. “The people should understand and should handle on the structure of sentences to get and send the basic idea of the sentence” (Houp and Pearsall, as quoted by Fadilah,2008:1). Thus, study about types of English sentences is very important to bring out the message.
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In addition, understanding English sentences also can achieve a very high degree of correctness and prevents misperception and miscommunication, especially on getting knowledge. We know that many people in the world use their own style in producing English orally or written one.
Sentence is a set of words expressing a statement, a question or command. Usually sentence contains a subject and a verb. In written English a sentence begins with a capital letter and end with a full stop or an equivalent mark (Hornby, 1995: 1071). Sentence has two elements (subject and predicate). Sentence has four types (simple, complex, compound, and compound-complex sentence) and four function (declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative sentence).
All of the types of English sentence have big influence for English learners. Therefore, learning type of sentence will help them to solve their problem in learning English, especially who are in basic continuation. By reading text in the course book which they get from school will help them in learning English sentence while they are reading the text.
This study focuses on the type of English sentence of reading text of English course book for Elementary School Grade V. This study has relation to the previous research on the same field. Faidah (2002) focused her research on types of sentences and structure of advertisement used in Time Magazine Advertisement. The finding showed that there were variation of types of sentences and structure of advertisements. Most of the advertisements used simple sentence, complex sentence, declarative sentence, and imperative sentence. Compound sentence and complex sentence and communicative sentence balanced and inverted sentence were rarely used in advertisement.
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Fuadah (2003) focused her research on a study on types of sentences based on the classification of numbers and kinds of clauses within sentence and the most frequently used of sentences. The finding showed that from all edition of Hello magazine at reader’s problem section, there were forty-seven simple sentences, fifty-three complex sentences. Six compound sentences, nine compound-complex sentences. On the other word, types of sentences which was the most frequently used was complex sentence followed by simple sentence, compound-complex sentence and the last was compound sentence.
Other research was also done by Atho’illah (2004), he investigated on study on English sentence used in segment of “Different Ponds Different Fish” in KangGuru Magazine. And SitiAlfiati (2007) investigated in types of sentence and inter-relationship of advertisement found in “Newsweek” magazine.
In this study, the researcher uses reading text on course book for Elementary School Grade V as the data sources.”
English sentence plays very important rule in the reading text on course book for Elementary school. A reading text employs illustration word’s power to attract the attention. Sentence in reading text is presented to make clear the message bear on the illustration. Therefore, people especially student in Elementary School will be easily recognized that the reading text has sentence construction.
Based on the reason described previously, it is interesting to analyze the English structure on reading text on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary
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sentence that is sent especially in reading text. The researcher takes one reading text of each reading text skill, except Unit I, because in this unit is transactional that shows the explanation of introduction.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Based on the background of the study above, the researcher intends to answer two questions as follows:
1. What are the types of the English sentences in reading text book on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade?
2. What types of English sentence are mostly used in reading text book on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
Concerning the problems mentioned above, this study is intended to identify the types of English sentences of reading text book on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade and also to identify the types of English sentence are mostly used in reading text book on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The finding of this study is supposed to give both theoretical and practical contribution on the linguistic area. Theoretically, the finding of the study, the researcher hopes that this study would be useful on the syntax area, especially descriptive linguistics.
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Practically, this finding also hoped that it is able to enrich knowledge and give contribution for teacher in learning and teaching English in Indonesia. For the readers, it is able to enrich knowledge about sentences, so they can learn English sentence when they are reading sentence. Then, researcher also hopes that this study can be as a reference for further researchers who are interested in conducting the similar field.
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study
To avoid the general explanation of her study being very broad the researcher sets a scope as follows namely the study focuses on analyzing the type of English sentences of Reading Texts on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade. One reading text of each reading text skills, except unit 1 is sufficient enough to be taken as data. The course book which is analyzed is the reading texts. The researcher does not analyze other thing except what have been stated on the problems of study.
1.6 Definition of the Key Terms
To avoid the ambiguity and misunderstanding or misinterpretation about the terms which are used in this study and also make this study be clear for the reader, the researcher would define the key terms used in this study.
The terms will be explained below:
Sentence : A set of words expressing a statement, a question or command, usually contains a subject and a verb and begins with a capital letter
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Text : The main written or printed part of a book or page and the written form of a speech, an article and any form of written material (www.thefreedictionary.com/text)
Coursebook : A book which is used by student as the reference of study.
Reading Text : A text which is handled by student or teacher to help their learning process.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses six items namely background of the study, problem of the study, objective of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
English language is different from Indonesian language, especially inusing the sentence correctly; namely grammatical patterns. This difference often makes us difficult to understand the meaning of English or the message, which is conveyed. Therefore, learning English structure is very important to get the meaning or message of spoken and written information to add our knowledge and to communicate with others well.
Formally, the beginners learn English in the school. English course books become the media to help students in learning English. By using this book, students can learn and read the book to get information and add their knowledge. Therefore, to be able to comprehend the English formation, we cannot only concentrate on the vocabulary, but also the use of sentences. “The people should understand and should handle on the structure of sentences to get and send the basic idea of the sentence” (Houp and Pearsall, as quoted by Fadilah,2008:1). Thus, study about types of English sentences is very important to bring out the message.
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In addition, understanding English sentences also can achieve a very high degree of correctness and prevents misperception and miscommunication, especially on getting knowledge. We know that many people in the world use their own style in producing English orally or written one.
Sentence is a set of words expressing a statement, a question or command. Usually sentence contains a subject and a verb. In written English a sentence begins with a capital letter and end with a full stop or an equivalent mark (Hornby, 1995: 1071). Sentence has two elements (subject and predicate). Sentence has four types (simple, complex, compound, and compound-complex sentence) and four function (declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative sentence).
All of the types of English sentence have big influence for English learners. Therefore, learning type of sentence will help them to solve their problem in learning English, especially who are in basic continuation. By reading text in the course book which they get from school will help them in learning English sentence while they are reading the text.
This study focuses on the type of English sentence of reading text of English course book for Elementary School Grade V. This study has relation to the previous research on the same field. Faidah (2002) focused her research on types of sentences and structure of advertisement used in Time Magazine Advertisement. The finding showed that there were variation of types of sentences and structure of advertisements. Most of the advertisements used simple sentence, complex sentence, declarative sentence, and imperative sentence. Compound sentence and complex sentence and communicative sentence balanced and inverted sentence were rarely used in advertisement.
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Fuadah (2003) focused her research on a study on types of sentences based on the classification of numbers and kinds of clauses within sentence and the most frequently used of sentences. The finding showed that from all edition of Hello magazine at reader’s problem section, there were forty-seven simple sentences, fifty-three complex sentences. Six compound sentences, nine compound-complex sentences. On the other word, types of sentences which was the most frequently used was complex sentence followed by simple sentence, compound-complex sentence and the last was compound sentence.
Other research was also done by Atho’illah (2004), he investigated on study on English sentence used in segment of “Different Ponds Different Fish” in KangGuru Magazine. And SitiAlfiati (2007) investigated in types of sentence and inter-relationship of advertisement found in “Newsweek” magazine.
In this study, the researcher uses reading text on course book for Elementary School Grade V as the data sources.”
English sentence plays very important rule in the reading text on course book for Elementary school. A reading text employs illustration word’s power to attract the attention. Sentence in reading text is presented to make clear the message bear on the illustration. Therefore, people especially student in Elementary School will be easily recognized that the reading text has sentence construction.
Based on the reason described previously, it is interesting to analyze the English structure on reading text on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade using type of English sentence since knowing that people will be able to understand on the message conveyed and also know on the idea of
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sentence that is sent especially in reading text. The researcher takes one reading text of each reading text skill, except Unit I, because in this unit is transactional that shows the explanation of introduction.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Based on the background of the study above, the researcher intends to answer two questions as follows:
1. What are the types of the English sentences in reading text book on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade?
2. What types of English sentence are mostly used in reading text book on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
Concerning the problems mentioned above, this study is intended to identify the types of English sentences of reading text book on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade and also to identify the types of English sentence are mostly used in reading text book on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The finding of this study is supposed to give both theoretical and practical contribution on the linguistic area. Theoretically, the finding of the study, the researcher hopes that this study would be useful on the syntax area, especially descriptive linguistics.
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Practically, this finding also hoped that it is able to enrich knowledge and give contribution for teacher in learning and teaching English in Indonesia. For the readers, it is able to enrich knowledge about sentences, so they can learn English sentence when they are reading sentence. Then, researcher also hopes that this study can be as a reference for further researchers who are interested in conducting the similar field.
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study
To avoid the general explanation of her study being very broad the researcher sets a scope as follows namely the study focuses on analyzing the type of English sentences of Reading Texts on “Active English 5” course book for Elementary School of the Fifth Grade. One reading text of each reading text skills, except unit 1 is sufficient enough to be taken as data. The course book which is analyzed is the reading texts. The researcher does not analyze other thing except what have been stated on the problems of study.
1.6 Definition of the Key Terms
To avoid the ambiguity and misunderstanding or misinterpretation about the terms which are used in this study and also make this study be clear for the reader, the researcher would define the key terms used in this study.
The terms will be explained below:
Sentence : A set of words expressing a statement, a question or command, usually contains a subject and a verb and begins with a capital letter and end with a full stop or an equivalent mark ( Hornby, 1995: 1071).
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Text : The main written or printed part of a book or page and the written form of a speech, an article and any form of written material (www.thefreedictionary.com/text)
Coursebook : A book which is used by student as the reference of study.
Reading Text : A text which is handled by student or teacher to help their learning process.