Types of Surveillance Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)

Policies and Procedures on Infection Control Ministry of Health Malaysia 10  Advantages: permits concentration of effort on areas where infection control measures may have the greatest effect and better use of limited resources; takers into account differences in infection risk for different patient populations.  Disadvantage: may miss clusters or outbreaks of infections not included in the surveillance program. Targeted :  This approach involves surveillance of infections at the same site bacteremia, UTI, LRI, SSI, etc. or caused by the same pathogen, usually one that is epidemiologically significant MRSA, Vancomycin- resistant Enterococcus species.  Advantage: permits concentration of efforts on those areas where control measures may be most effective.  Disadvantage: may miss clusters or outbreaks of infections not included in the surveillance program.  It is necessary to use the appropriate denominator

2.5 Data Collection

1. Collect essential data from lab forms of all MRO suspected HCAI clusters Refer ‘HCAI infection surveillance form’ in Appendix B. 2. Verify cases from the patient’s BHT and discussion with the doctor in-charge link- nurse ward sister. 3. Exclude non HCAI cases and complete the HCAI form. 4. All patients must be followed up and subsequent events must be recorded. 5. All data related to the investigations of an outbreak i.e. environment, patients, or staff should be documented.

2.6 Tabulation of Data

1. Daily group the suspected and confirmed cases according to type of MRO or infections 2. Special T-cards or boards can be used to monitor the cases daily patient location pathogen infection sites risk factors. 3. A SPCC Statistical Process Control Chart shall be use to monitor the trend of infections for certain organisms or site of infection. Measuring trend in percentage. 4. In house ‘Control Chart’ to monitor the number of infections with MRO. -pathogen type -infection site Type of Surveillance Methods Policies and Procedures on Infection Control Ministry of Health Malaysia 11 5. Reports bi-annually and as required if there is an outbreak or when needed.

2.7 Analysis and interpretation of data

Factors to be considered when using formulas for calculation of infection rates in a selected patient population: 1. Numerator data: number of patients with specified type of infection or number of infections. 2. Denominator data: 1 number of admissions or discharges. 2 Number of patients undergoing a specific procedure. 3 Total patient days. 4 Total invasive device days ventilator days CVC days Urinary catheter days etc 3. Provision should be made for adjusting data to account for differences among the study population.

2.8 Preparation and dissemination of reports

1. Compile and prepare summary reports and communicate the information to individuals who can authorize changes that improve treatment outcomes. 2. All information should be reported to the HIACC Chairman. 3. The coordinator shall communicate with the key persons from the clinical services and hospital administration. 4. Every outbreak shall be followed by a complete report. Policies and Procedures on Infection Control Ministry of Health Malaysia 12 Note :