Surveillance of the PN line
4.6.1 General Principles.
All blood products should be considered potentially infectious and should be handled with glove. Medicine should not be added intravenously with the blood or blood product that is being transfused. The practical basis of precautionary measures taken during transfusion of blood and blood product involves procedures to protect portal of entry, thus preventing: i. Access of microorganism into the host tissue. ii. Cross contamination.4.6.2 Specific practices transport, storage, transfusion, dispose
• Insert intravenous line by aseptic technique. • Choose a site on an upper extremity which will minimize patient discomfort and restriction of movement. Avoid the groin, lower extremities and bony prominences because these sites have high risk of infection. • Inspect the supplied units of blood and blood product for date of expiry, cracks and leaks. Do not use leaking blood bag, return it back to blood bank. · Blood or blood product bag should be kept in a blood box as recommended by blood bank during transportation to the ward. • Ensure that the correct blood and blood product is given to the intended patient. Follow local procedure manual of patient identification.Reference: Transfusion practice guidelines for clinician and laboratory personnel, MOH • Label date and time of onset of transfusion. • Transfusion of red cells must be started within 30 minutes of removing them from refrigeration and should be completed within four hours. • Platelet and plasma must be transfused immediately. • The red blood cell packs should be stored at 2-6° Celsius. • Monitor the patient’s pulse rate, temperature and blood pressure during transfusion. Stop transfusion immediately if fever or hypotension occurs, as this may be signs of septicaemic shock. • After completion of blood transfusion, the used blood bags and intravenous giving set should be tightly secured and put inside into the transparent bag. DO NOT disconnect GIVING SET from blood bag. Sent immediately to blood bank for proper disposal. • DO NOT reused intravenous GIVING SET for the next fluid transfusion.4.6 Blood and Blood Products Transfusion
Parts
» Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Roles of Hospital Infection and Antibiotic Control Committee
» Infection Control Doctor ICD
» Chairman of HIACC Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» HOSPITAL INFECTION AND ANTIBIOTIC CONTROL COMMITTEE
» Frequency of meetings Circulation of minutes
» Emergency meetings and outbreak control
» Duties and responsibilities of the infection Control Nurse
» HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTION SURVEILLANCE
» Types of Surveillance Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Data Collection Tabulation of Data
» Analysis and interpretation of data
» Preparation and dissemination of reports
» ISOLATION PRECAUTION Standard Precautions
» Respiratory hygienecough etiquette: Instruct symptomatic persons and health
» Signs, BHT, Isolation traytrolley
» Visitor Policy for Infection Control
» Dishes, Glasses, Cups, Eating Utensils and Medications
» Transportation of patients Transmission-based
» Hand Hygiene Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Natural ventilation Personal Protective Equipment PPE
» Use of mechanical ventilation
» Minimizing bacteria at entry points
» Maintaining sterility of instruments disposable items during a procedure
» Catheter change interval Urinary Catheter Care
» General principles of wound care 1.
» Spatial separation of catheterized patients Technique
» Environment Urinary Catheter Care
» Wound Care Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Procedure for insertion of catheter
» A dedicated lumen used for PN line should be identified and not be used for
» Nursing considerations for PN
» Storage Replacement of PN tubing and filters
» General Principles. Replacement of PN tubing and filters
» Specific practices transport, storage, transfusion, dispose
» Blood and Blood Products Transfusion
» Hand hygiene Urinary Tract Infection
» Catheter Insertion Urinary Tract Infection
» Closed Sterile Drainage Urinary Tract Infection
» Irrigation Urinary Tract Infection
» Specimen Collection Urinary Tract Infection
» Urinary Flow Urinary Tract Infection
» Meatal Care Urinary Tract Infection
» Catheter Change Interval Urinary Tract Infection
» Critical items - instruments or objects that enter directly into the vascular
» Semi-critical items - instruments or objects that come into contact with
» Developed a good surveillance system to study the incident of SSI.
» Nosocomial Respiratory Infection Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Introduction INFECTION CONTROL IN SPECIFIC HEALTHCARE SETTING
» Personal Protective Equipment Personnel .1
» Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
» Outer zone: This zone should contain:
» Laminar Flow Ventilation Ultra Clean Ventilation
» Wall Mounted Air Conditioners:
» Protective Clothing for Use in the Operating Theatre
» Surgical Hand Scrubbing Refer to hand hygiene section
» Gowning Free-standing Air Conditioners:
» Gloving Free-standing Air Conditioners:
» Draping Free-standing Air Conditioners:
» Establishing a Sterile Field
» Dispensing of the Sterile Supplies
» Maintaining the Sterile Field
» Waste and Linen Post operative
» Cleaning of the Operation theatre
» Intra operative Initial cleaning at the beginning of the day
» Concurrent cleaning between cases
» Haemodialysis unit water supply and air conditioning
» Staff health Terminal cleaning end of the day
» Hand hygiene Terminal cleaning end of the day
» Nephrology and Hemodialysis Unit
» Instrument processing area in the dental clinic
» Instrument cleaning refer to CSSD chapter
» Cleaning and Disinfection of Treatment Room 1.
» Dental Radiology Asepsis Components permanently attached to dental unit waterlines
» Dental Laboratory Materials and Equipment
» Storage and preparation rooms
» Movement of instruments Safety
» Collection of body from ward
» Routine case autopsy Mortuary
» Specimen handling Procedure for post-mortem examination of known or suspected CJD
» Clinical waste Procedure for post-mortem examination of known or suspected CJD
» Visitors Procedure for post-mortem examination of known or suspected CJD
» Quality control Procedure for post-mortem examination of known or suspected CJD
» Care Givers For Patient In The Burn Unit 1.
» Visitors Full time Care givers
» Culturing and Surveillance Full time Care givers
» Antibiotic Policy Full time Care givers
» Haematology and Oncology Unit
» Laboratory Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Introduction Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Personel protective equipment PPE
» Screening for HCW TUBERCULOSIS
» Infection control in specific area .1
» HOSPITAL OUTBREAK MANAGEMENT Steps in Outbreak Investigation and Management
» Introduction Introduction Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Policy Statement Training Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Arrangements Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
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» Operation Theatre Commissioning Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Administrative monitoring Mechanical Monitoring
» Distribution of sterile items
» Establish a system Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Monitoring antimicrobial use using aggregated data on Defined Daily
» Each hospital shall send report on DDD every 6 months to National Infection
» However, individual local data shall be reported according to discipline
» It is recommended to have a national benchmark data specifically for Intensive
» It is also beneficial if each state have their own benchmark data from their
» A report of local monitoring data for hospital compared with national
» The aggregate benchmark data included numeric presentation of pooled
» Correlation between antimicrobial use and resistance rate
» Costquantity of empiric antimicrobial administered in a specified period.
» Antimicrobial management programstrategies Antimicrobial policy
» Multi-Resistant Organism 13. Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
» Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
» Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Bacaan Penuh ( bersaiz 5.5 MB)
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