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TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT i
ABSTRAK ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objectives 3
1.4 Scope 4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Material Handling Equipment – Automated Guided Vehicle
6 2.2.1 Introduction to Material Handling Equipment Technology
6 2.2.2 Automated Guided Vehicle AGV system
6 2.2.3 Description of an AGV system
7 2.3 AGV Structure Design
8 2.3.1 Steel bridge background
9 2.4 Steel bridges main structural design
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2.4.1 Pratt truss bridges 12
2.4.2 Warren truss bridges 16
2.4.3 Other types 17
2.5 Design comparison 18
2.6 Software Tools 20
2.6.1 Structural Design and Simulation 20
2.6.1.1 CATIA 20
2.6.1.2 Hyperworks solidThinking 21
2.6.1.3 SpaceClaim 22
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 24
3.1 Introduction 24
3.2 Overall Process 24
3.3 Process Flow Chart 25
3.3.1 Design Process Flow 26
3.3.2 Design Concept and Brainstorming 27
3.3.3 Bill of Materials 29
3.3.4 CAD Design 31
3.3.5 CAE Simulation Test 32
3.3.6 Fabrication 32
3.4 System Architecture 32
3.5 Calculation 33
3.5.1 Force 33
3.5.2 Rolling Resistance 33
3.5.3 Gradient Resistance 34
3.5.4 Total Tractive Effort 34
3.5.5 AGV total tractive effort calculation 35
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3.6 Material of Model 36
3.7 Design Space 36
3.8 Non-Design Space 36
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 38
4.1 Introduction 38
4.2 Finite Element Analysis 38
4.2.1 General Procedure on FEA 38
4.2.1.1 Step 1: CAE Driven Structurally Efficient 39
Conceptual Design 4.2.2 Conceptual Design Process Flow
41 4.2.2.1 Conceptual design preparation
42 4.2.2.2 Create design space
42 4.2.2.3 Topology optimization
43 4.2.2.4 Result interpretation
44 4.2.2.5 New structurally efficient conceptual design
45 4.2.3 Design Optimization
46 4.2.3.1 Modify prepare design based on previous iteration result 47
4.2.3.2 Design analysis 47
4.2.3.3 Design optimization 47
4.2.3.4 Design completed 47
4.3 Design process 48
4.3.1 Design Iteration 1 48
4.3.2 Design Iteration 2 50
4.3.3 Design Iteration 3 52
4.3.4 Design Iteration 4 53
4.3.5 Design Iteration 5 55
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4.3.6 Design Iteration 6 56
4.3.7 Design Iteration 7 58
4.3.9 Final Design 59
4.4 Vehicle structure mass 60
4.5 Von Mises Stress 61
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 63
