The other method is the indirect, the dramatic method of showing, which involves the author‟s stepping aside, as it were, to allow the characters to reveal
themselves directly through and their actions. With showing, much of the burden of characters analysis is shifted t the reader, who is required to infer
character on the basis of the evidence provided in the narrative Pickering and Hooper in Albertine Minderop, 2005:22
To find the characterization, we can use both of the methods as the writer will use both of the methods in describing people or characters in the novel. The telling or
showing method will appear in every character in a novel. It is because that the character will seem the same as that in the reality.
2.2.2 Plot
In presenting a work of art, an author actually arranges some events into a series and in such a way that it becomes a story which can be enjoyed. Moore
1966:332 defines plot as the main story, the pattern of action which raises a conflict and eventually resolves it, and which not only determines what will happen, but when
and how with that result, the plot of a story develops in a definite pattern. Koesnosoebroto 1988:29 says that plot or the structure of a story is the arrangement
of tied-together chronological events which have causal and thematic connection. Koesnosoebroto 1988:46 also adds that a narrative structure has always been
divided up into three thoroughly natural parts: the beginning, the middle, and the end. Further the three parts are explained as follows:
1 The Beginning
In this part, the readers are introduced with a general situation. Usually, it will introduce the characters, describe their background, and so on. The beginning
will also describe the place and time of events and suggest the basic lines of the conflict.
2 The Middle
It is supposed to describe all the troubles in the conflict; it is here that the incidents of action are dramatized into scenes; each scene shows theory the
rise of the one that comes before in dramatic intensity. Until after a number of crises, a climax is reached-
it usually refers to a “turning point”. This point marks the end of the middle and the beginning of the end.
3 The End
It is supposed to make clear all the consequences of the action. Perhaps it will tell what finally happen to all characters in the story. It will point out the
moral of the story and knit up any of loose ends of the plotting.
2.2.3 Point of View
Each story has a story teller, it does not tell itself. Whoever tells the story must be somewhat in relation with the story. The position from which action in literary
work is seen, heard, pondered, and described is called point of view Roberts, 1965:21. Morris as quoted by Tarigan 1986:140 divides point of view into five:
1 The omniscient point of view
In this point of view, the author knows everything, and even what is being thought and felt by the characters. He can see all the characters‟ behavior
from every angle. 2
The first point of view The author talks as one of the characters. The author involves the story using
“I” as the first person. 3
The third person point of view A person outside the story acts as a narrator. This point of view is
characterized with the us e of pronouns: “he”, “she”, “it”.
4 The central intelligence
The story is presented through one of the characters‟ eyes, although there is a relationship with what is done by the omniscient narrator.
5 The scenic
The narrator is taken out from the story, and the story is presented in conversation or dialogue, as seen in drama or play.
2.2.4 Setting
