Procedure of CSR LITERATURE REVIEW

b. Selecting the materials

The following materials will be helpful for the teacher to assist students to use CSR and cooperative learning techniques Klingner et al., 2001. 1. Reading materials. When selecting reading materials for CSR, the teacher will consider: a reading materials at students’ instructional level, which generally refer to students being able to decode about 80 of the words correctly, b reading materials having themes and supporting details, c reading materials consisting of several paragraphs, and d reading materials containing cluespictures for predicting. 2. Clunk cards. Each of the four clunk cards contains a fix-up strategy. The fix-up strategies in clunk cards include: a reread the sentences with the clunk and looks for key ideas to help you figure out the word-think about what makes sense, b reread the sentence before and after the clunk looking for clues, c look for prefix or suffix in the word that might help, and d break the word apart and look for smaller words that you know. 3. Timer optional. Timer is an optional material where it is used as a reminder for the duration when the students are doing the task.

c. Process

The basic steps to apply CSR in cooperative learning group are as follows: Step 1: The first step is introduction where the teacher introduces the topic, teaches key vocabulary, and provides instructions. Step 2: The second step is a student pairing activity which are previewing, click and clunk, getting the gist, and wrapping up. Step 3: The last step is discussion for what the teacher and students have done today. Teacher leads the discussion by reviewing the reading passage, solving the clunks problems, answering questions, and sharing some review ideas.

d. Role of the teacher

During the learners pairing activity, the teacher’s role is circulating among the pairs, clarifying clunks, modeling strategy usage, redirecting students to remain on-task, and providing assistance. Based on the stages mentioned above, there will be a general procedure of teaching reading comprehension using CSR during the research. The researcher runs each treatment through the following steps: 1. Assign students to their pair. 2. Read passage using the step-by-step strategy: Before reading Previewing Reading the first paragraph or section and encourage students to do these