31
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Type of the Study
Descriptive qualitative method was employed in this research as the purpose of the research was to describe the phenomena of impoliteness strategies by
interpreting the collected data. As stated by Moleong 2010: 11, the data collected are in the form of words and pictures and those data are collected using
descriptive method. Thus, the research report will contain data excerpts in order to give a brief overview of the presentation. Furthermore, according to Vanderstoep
and Johnson 2009: 167, the qualita tive research’s purpose is more descriptive
since it focuses on in depth understanding of the research participants’ point of view. They propose that communication and interaction are the factors which
construct knowledge and that these factors lay within individual’s perception and
interpretations. Hence, in order to analyze and understand an entity, examining a larger context where people and knowledge function is more effective than
analyzing its parts only Vanderstoep and Johnson, 2009: 166.
B. Forms, Contexts, and Source of Data
The data in this research were in the form of utterances which were uttered by the characters in Sherlock TV-series. Accordingly, the context of the data was the
dialogue among the characters which contain impoliteness. The main sources of the data were three beginning episodes of Sherlock Season 1, i.e. A Study in Pink,
The Blind Banker, and The Great Game. The transcripts of the series were taken from
http:arianedevere.livejournal.com .
C. Data Collection Techniques
There are three kinds of data collection in qualitative research according to Patton 2002: 4, they are in-depth open ended interviews, direct observation, and
written documents. The document analysis includes studying excerpts, quotation or entire passages from organizational, clinical, or program records.
According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 224, the analysis of language and nonverbal in
observations and interviews and the analysis of current and historical documents are involved in a qualitative study.
In collecting the data researcher should be able to clearly describe the procedures used to make sure that the data were recorded accurately. Thus, in
collecting the data, the researcher conducted several steps as follows. First, the researcher watched the series, followed by downloading the
transcript. Second, the researcher re-watched the series and checked the accuracy of the transcript, while at the same time gave mark at the impoliteness strategies
performed in the series. Last, the researcher classified the collected data into data sheet. The format of the data sheet can be seen as follows.
Table 1: Sample Data Sheet of Types, Functions and Responses of Impoliteness Strategies in
Sherlock
Code Data
Types Functions
Responses Explanation
BR PI NI OR WP AF CR EN AC CO
NR OF DE
19-1 PIAF
DE Sherlock:
Shut up. Lestrade:
I didn’t say anything.
√ √
√
Using silencer word ‘shut up’, Sherlock
carries positive
impoliteness. He uses the
strategy with
affective impoliteness function to express his
emotion when he’s trying to solve a case.
Lestrade who doesn’t
say or do anything counters
Sherlock’s impolite
act using
defensive strategy. He tends to block the face
attack because he is not responsible
for Sherlock’s emotion.
Notes: Code :
01-1PICRAC : Number-EpisodeTypeFunctionResponse Types :
Functions : BR :
Bald on record impoliteness
AF :
Affective impoliteness
PI :
Positive impoliteness
CR :
Coercive impoliteness
NI : Negative impoliteness
EN : Entertaining impoliteness
OR : Off-record impoliteness
WP : Withhold politeness
Responses : AC :
Accepting face attack
CO :
Countering face attack
OF : Offensive
DE : Defensive
NR : Non-verbal response
The impoliteness strategies are presented in bold. The responses of impoliteness strategy are presented in underline.
D. Research Instruments
Kategori