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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Translation
Translation is transferring an idea from the SL to the TL. On the other hand, translation was needed to giving information or communication to each
other people in the world. In another ways, it used to transfer written or spoken in SL to TL. Concise Oxford English Dictionary defines translation as an action or
process of translating words or text from one language into another. Translation is not an easy task; that is not simple activity of finding the meaning of a word.
There are many requirements to be considered to produce a good translation, such as type of text, cultural context, and word itself. It all has a bundle of
meanings which should be suited to its context. Newmark 1988: 21 classified two approaches of translating:
1. Start translating sentence by sentence, for say a paragraph or chapter, to get the feel and the feeling tone of the text, and then deliberately sit
back, review the position, and read the rest of the SL text
2. Read the whole text two or more three times, and find the intention, register, tone, mark the difficult and passages and start translating only
when you have taken your bearings.
Some author was created a statement about the theory of translation to giving us some information to make it clearly. Such as Newmark 1998: 5 said
that claims translation was a rendering process of the meaning of the text into another language in the way that the author intended and Translation is a craft
consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and or statement in one language by the same message andor statement in another language . Other
statement according to Nida and Taber 1982: 12, translation is a process of
reproducing the target language into its closest natural equivalent in source language.
Based from the experts definition above, the point of translation mostly revolves around rendering, replacing, and reproducing the source text into an
equivalent text in TL. It is deeply tied with equivalency, so that means the equivalence is the main component or maybe the core of translation. It is
because equivalence determines the acceptability of translation in TL. Beside of that, a translation needs to possess a well-balanced equivalency in order for it to
achieve a high acceptability rate. Therefore, translation needs to take care from any ambiguity of word or sentence and giving more comprehend to the target
reader.
2.2 Translation Procedures
