Flexibility Dynamic development of the PES

Protecting people and the environment: Lessons learnt from Br azil’s Bolsa Verde, China, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, South Africa and 56 other experiences 51 also very important. In the case of Bolsa Verde, the issue of land tenure was solved innovatively by using a combination of geographic and individual targeting, where eligibility is based on being extremely poor Bolsa Família criteria and living in an environmentally vulnerable area MMA criteria. Moreover, existing functions are built on the existing structure of Bolsa Família, such as the processes of targeting, addressing, selecting, and paying participants, as well as social monitoring and visits by local agents in cases of non-compliance. This is probably why the administrative costs of Bolsa Verde are comparatively low: in the 2014 Budget, BRL3.6 million was allocated for administrative costs compared to BRL102.6 million for benefit payments, resulting in a 3.4 per cent administrative cost share SIOP, 2014. International experience indicates that administrative costs for targeted programmes are usually higher than what is found in Bolsa Verde. 6.2. Recommendations 6.2.1. Possible design, management, and implementation considerations The following aspects could be considered when designing, implementing, or managing, a programme combining social protection and environmental objectives:  Formulate both objectives clearly and decide which objective to prioritize in case of conflicts e.g. Ecuador.  Consider objectives carefully when deciding on targeting criteria .  Be aware that a PES cannot be responsible for reaching various objectives on a stand- alone basis and thus needs to be developed within a set of coordinated policy tools. In particular, consider coordinating with : - Complementary environmental policies : For a programme to achieve its environmental goals, it is relevant to coordinate or complement the programme with other programmes or policies that aim to achieve similar goals. For example, if a PES is aimed at reducing deforestation, another complementary policy aimed at reducing deforestation but targeting different groups, such as farmers or large businesses, will make the PES more effective. - Policies to support youth and break intergenerational transmission cycles : Regarding the coordination of different policies see ILO Recommendation No. 202, Paragraph 3, clause l, there may be scope to coordinate a PES programme with, for example, employment or other policies targeted at youth. Thus, where applicable, youth of participating families could be enrolled in environmental training andor skills development programmes to help address the shortage of opportunities for young adults in the labour market. - National and international framework for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples as set out in relevant instruments such as the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and ILO Convention No. 169, including as regards consultation and participation, as well as traditional knowledge and livelihoods-related practices.  Coordinate existing programmes : To ensure coherence and improve effectiveness, it is important to coordinate existing programmes across different institutions and policies see Recommendation No. 202, Paragraph 3, clauses l and m. For example, although Bolsa Floresta is a state-level programme and Bolsa Verde a