Retna Oktaviani Zahra, 2014 The Use Of Jigsaw Technique In Improving Students’ Ability In Writing A Descriptive Text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia |
repository.upi.edu |
perpustakaan.upi. edu
3.4.3.2 Homogeneity of Variance
In order to find out the homogeneity of variance, this study us ed Levene’s
formula from SPSS 20 for Windows. There are three steps that are covered in this formula. First is setting the null hypothesis H
at the alpha level. The alpha level was set at 0.05. The next step is analyzing the homogeneity variance by using
Levene’s formula in SPSS 20 for Windows. And the last step is comparing the result with alpha le
vel. If the Levene’s score 0.05, then the null hypothesis H is accepted which means the score of both groups experimental and control
group are homogeneous or approximately equal. In contrast, if the Levene’s score 0.05, the null hypothesis H
is rejected which means the score of both groups experimental and control group are not homogeneous or not equal.
3.4.3.3 Independent t-test
The independent group t-test is used to analyze a causative relationship between the independent variable which is treatment and the dependent variable
that is measured on both groups Coolidge, 2006. Independent t-test was also used to investigate and compare the difference of mean between the experimental
and control group. There are three steps in conducting independent t-test. First is setting the null hypothesis H
at the alpha level. The alpha level was set at 0.05. Second is analyzing and calculating the independent t-test by using SPSS 20 for
windows. The last step is comparing the result with the significance level. If the result 0.05, then the null hypothesis H
is accepted which means there is no significant difference of mean between experimental and control group. In
contrast, if the result 0.05, then the null hypothesis H is rejected which means
there is a significant difference of mean between experimental and control group.
3.4.3.4 Dependent t-test
The dependent t-test was used to analyze the difference between two groups’ means in experimental group in which the participants in both groups are
related to each other in some ways. The dependent variable is assumed to have normal distribution. It can be said that the variance of the two groups must be
homogenous.
Retna Oktaviani Zahra, 2014 The Use Of Jigsaw Technique In Improving Students’ Ability In Writing A Descriptive Text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia |
repository.upi.edu |
perpustakaan.upi. edu
In this study, the dependent sample test was analyzed by using computation SPSS 20 by comparing the significance value with the level of
significance to test the hypothesis. If the result is more than the level of significance, then the null hypothesis H
is accepted. It means that there is no significant difference between pretest and post-test in experimental and control
group. Otherwise, if the result is less than the level of significance the null hypothesis is rejected. It can be concluded that there is significance difference
between the two mean of experimental and control groups.
3.4.3.5 The Calculation of Effect Size
In this research, the effect size was also used in order to find out how far independent variable affects the dependent variable Coolidge, 2006. After
calculating the effect size, then its value is compared and analyzed by using the table scale. The scale is as follow:
Table 3.2 The Scale of Effect Size
Effect Size r value
Small Medium
Large 0.100
0.243 0.371
Coolidge, 2006
3.4.3.5 Data Analysis on the Questionnaire
In order to analyze the data that were obtained from the questionnaire session, the
data were analyzed by using Likert’s scale. Likert’s scale is a psychometric scale primarily used to obtain participant’s preferences with a
statement or set of statements. The participants are instructed to specify their level of agreement with a given statement by employing an ordinal scale. The writer
used the formula percentage to analyze the questionnaire data. Then, the data are interpreted based on the frequency of students’ answer.
Retna Oktaviani Zahra, 2014 The Use Of Jigsaw Technique In Improving Students’ Ability In Writing A Descriptive Text
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia |
repository.upi.edu |
perpustakaan.upi. edu
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
In this chapter, various findings of the research are described together, and some theoretical as well as practical implications of these findings are suggested.
5.1 Conclusion
This research focused on the implementation of Jigsaw technique in teaching writing descriptive texts to ten-graders. The purpose of this study was to
investigate whether or not the new technique had improved students’ scores when
compared with the control group. Furthermore, this study also aimed to discover the
students’ response to the implementation of Jigsaw technique in teaching writing.
The research findings suggested that the Jigsaw technique was effective in improving students’ writing scores. The result from independent t-test on post-test
showed that there was a significant different between the posttest means of the experimental group and those who were in the control group. The result found out
that the significant value is bigger than r critical. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. It meant that the treatment was given to experimental is significant
to improve students’ writing skill. The result of dependent t-test presented that the significance two-tailed is
lower than r critical. Thus, null hypothesis H was rejected. It means that the
treatment which was given to experimental was significant to improve students’
writing skill. In addition, the computation of the effect size showed that r obtained value
belongs to a medium effect size which means that Jigsaw technique is effective to be implemented in teaching writing descriptive text.
Moreover, the Jigsaw technique was found to be potential to provide better learning when compared with the conventional method. This was proved by the
obtained data from questionnaire. Nearly all of students agreed that Jigsaw technique is able to improve their writing skill, advance their grammatical
